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Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party . He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943; he constitutionally led the country until 1925, when he dropped the pretense of democracy and established a dictatorship. -
Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII was born on 17 May 1886 and he died on 28 February 1941. He was King of Spain from 1886 until the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931. Alfonso was monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. -
Miguel Primo de Rivera
Miguel Primo de Rivera was born on 8 January 1870 and he died on 16 March 1930. He was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation. His slogan was "Country, Religion, Monarchy." -
Nikita Kruschev
Nikita Khrushchev was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. -
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La crisis de la Restauración
La crisis de la Restauración constituyó el final de la monarquía en España en 1923. Está dividida en dos partes: El reinado de Alfonso XIII y la dictadura de Primo de Rivera. -
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Reinado Constitucional de Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII comenzó su reinado en mayo de 1902. Mantuvo la constitución de 1876 y se continuó con el turnismo. Los dos partidos que se alternaban eran: el Partido conservador y el Partido Liberal. A partir de 1909 hubo varias crisis: la semana trágica producida por la Guerra de Marruecos, la crisis en el año 1917 que fue militar, política y social y la radicalización del movimiento obrero. Ante esta crisis se creó un gobierno de concentración. -
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975. -
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, who governed as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black president of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. -
Manuel Azaña
Manuel Azaña Díaz was born on 10 January 1880 and he died on 3 November 1940. He was the second Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1933), and later served again as Prime Minister (1936), and then as the second and last President of the Republic (1936–1939). The Spanish Civil War broke out while he was President. He died exiled. -
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is a political concept where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to control every aspect of public and private life. Totalitarian regimes stay in political power through rule by one leader and an all-encompassing propaganda campaign, which is disseminated through the state-controlled mass media, a single party that is often marked by political repression, personality cultism, control over the economy and widespread use of terror. -
Antisemitism
Antisemitism is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism, although it also functions as a political ideology that serves as an organizing principle that unites disparate groups opposed to liberalism. -
March on Rome
March on Rome was an organized mass demonstration in October 1922, which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party acceding to power in the Kingdom of Italy. When fascist troops entered Rome, Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege, but this was overruled by the king. On the following day, 29 October 1922, the king appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, thereby transferring political power to the fascists without armed conflict -
Mein Kampf
Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. -
Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008. Politically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state, while industry and business were nationalized and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. -
Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He was born on 15 January 1929 and he died on 4 April 1968. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. -
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat was born on 24 August 1929 and he died on 11 November 2004. He was a Palestinian political leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an Arab nationalist, he was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. -
Mijail Gorvachov
Mikhail Gorbachov is a Russian and former Soviet politician. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). -
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. He was born on 1 February 1931 and he died on 23 April 2007. Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. -
Holocaust
The Holocaust was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event, involving the persecution and murder of other groups by the regime. -
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born on 4 December 1892 and he died on 20 November 1975. He was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator for 36 years from 1939 until his death. As a conservative and a monarchist, he opposed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in 1931. -
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Guerra Civil española
Tras el golpe de estado perpetrado por los generales Franco, Sanjurjo y Mola España quedó dividida en dos: la zona sublevada y la zona republicana. Tras el estallido de la guerra hubo una serie de revoluciones sociales.También se crearon milicias populares para defender la república. En la zona sublevada se creó la Junta de Defensa Nacional que dio a Franco todos los poderes del estado. -
Appeasement
Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict. The term is most often applied to the foreign policy of the British Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain towards Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy between 1935 and 1939. -
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein was born on 28 April 1937 and died on 30 December 2006. He was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 1979 to 2003. He was a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party. -
Resistance during World War II
Resistance movements during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda, to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. In many countries, resistance movements were sometimes also referred to as The Underground. -
Nazi German–Soviet Pact of Aggression
The Nazi German–Soviet Pact of Aggression was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940. -
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II Guerra Mundial
La Segunda Guerra Mundial fue un conflicto militar global que se desarrolló entre 1939 y 1945. En este se vieron implicadas la mayor parte de las naciones del mundo, incluidas todas las grandes potencias, agrupadas en dos alianzas militares enfrentadas: los Aliados de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y las Potencias del Eje. -
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. -
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Guerra Fría
La Guerra Fría fue un enfrentamiento político, económico, social, militar, informativo, científico y deportivo iniciado al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial entre el llamado bloque Occidental (occidental-capitalista) liderado por Estados Unidos, y el bloque del Este (oriental-comunista) liderado por la Unión Soviética. -
Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France. He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics. -
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed at least 129,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare. -
United Nations
The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II with the aim of preventing another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193 -
Nuremberg trials
The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II. The trials were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of Nazi Germany, who planned, carried out, or otherwise participated in the Holocaust and other war crimes. -
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Guerra Civil Griega
En la primera fase de la guerra fría, hubo una guerra civil griega entre los monárquicos, que fueron apoyados por Gran Bretaña, y los comunistas, que fueron apoyados por Yugoslavia. Finalmente, los monárquicos ganaron y Grecia se convirtió en un país del bloque occidental -
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush was born on 6 July 1946. He is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. -
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton was born on 19 August 1946. He is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and the state's 42nd Governor from 1983 to 1992. Before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. -
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Bloqueo de Berlín
Conflicto de la 1ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron la URSS y los Estados Unidos. En la conferencia del Londres se acordó la unificación de Alemania, lo que no fue aprobado por Stalin, que respondió con un bloqueo terestre de Berlín , quedando aislada de las zonas occidentales del resto de Alemania. Estados Unidos organiza un puente aéreo para garantizar el abastecimiento de la población. El bloqueo soviético fue levantado en mayo de 1949 y se formó la RDA y la RFA. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to aid Western Europe in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. Developed on July 12, 1948, when Truman pledged to contain threats to Greece and Turkey. The Truman Doctrine implied American support for other nations allegedly threatened by Soviet communism. -
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. -
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Guerra de Corea
Conflicto de la 1ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron Corea del Norte, con un gobierno comunista, y Corea del Sur, apoyada por Estados Unidos. Tras la derrota japonesa en la 2ªGM, Corea queda divida en 2. En 1950, Corea del Norte invade Corea del Sur, lo que la ONU condena y emprende su reconquista. Tras una guerra de desgaste, en 1953 se firma el armisticio de Panmunjon. Se consolida la existencia de dos estados contrarios que siguen existiendo en la actualidad. -
Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist. -
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Guerra de Vietnam
Conflicto de la 3ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron Vietnam del Nortey el vietcong (comunistas) contra Vietnam del Sur (nacionalistas). El vietcong amenazó al gobierno de VS, a lo que EEUU contestó aumentando su presencia, pero pronto se dieron cuenta de que no podian ganar contra VN. supuso una gran derrota para EEUU. Se estableció la Republica Socialista de Vietnam. -
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Crisis del Canal de Suez
Conflicto de la 2ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron Egipto contra el Reino Unido, Francia e Israel. En 1956 el presidente gipcio Nasser nacionalizó el canal, a lo que GB, Francia e Israel se opusieron, organizando una operación militar para derrocar a Nasser a la que EEUU y la URSS se opusieron. -
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Revolución Húngara
Conflicto de la 2ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron un movimiento popular contra el comunismo y la URSS. Hungría tenía un régimen comunista, contra el que la población se manifestó. A estos levantamientos se unió el ejército, conviritiéndose en una revolución. Las fuerzas soviéticas entraron en la capital con tanques para acabar con la pretenciones húngaras. -
Osama Bin Laden
Osama Bin Laden was born on 10 March 1957 and he died on 2 May 2011. He was the founder of al-Qaeda, the organization that was responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States. -
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Revolución de Cuba
Conflicto de la 2ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron la guerrila liderada por Fidel Catro y la dictadura de Batista. En 1959 la guerrilla puso fin a la dictadura de Batista en Cuba. El gobierno de Castro no fue bien visto por EEUU, que apoyo a exiliados cubanos en la invasión de la Bahía de Cochinos con el fin de derrocar a Fidel Castro, pero fracasaron. -
Peaceful Coexistence
Peaceful coexistence was a theory developed and applied by the Soviet Union at various points during the Cold War. Was adopted by Soviet-allied socialist states that they could peacefully coexist with the capitalist bloc. This was in contrast to the antagonistic contradiction principle that socialism and capitalism could never coexist in peace. The Soviet Union applied it to relations between the western world, particularly between the United States and NATO countries. -
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El Muro de Berlín
Conflicto de la 2ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron la RFA y la RDA. Tras la división de las dos alemanias se habían dado grandes diferencia en cuanto a derechos y libertades se refiere, por lo que ciudadanos de la RDA huían a la RFA, así la élite soviética crea un muro para evitarlo. -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992. -
Barack Obama
Barack Obama was born on 4 August 1961. He is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He previously served in the U.S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008. He is the first African American to have served as president. -
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Crisis de los Misiles de Cuba
Conflicto de la 2ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron EEUU y la URSS. Aviones espía estadounidenses detectaron la presencia de misiles soviéticos en la isla, a lo que contestaron con un bloqueo naval, amenazando a la URSS con invadir Cuba si no los retiraban. Cuba los retira a cambio de que Cuba no fuese invadida. A pesar de todo, EEUU mantuvo la presión sobre el régimen cubano. -
John F. Kenedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. -
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La primavera de Praga
Conflicto de la 3ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron el gobierno checoslovaco y la URSS. A comienzos de 1968, Alexander Dubec empezó a hacer reformas permitiendo más libertades, lo que le dio las expectativas a la población de la creación de un socialismo de rostro humano. La URSS no lo aprobó y les hizo volver a la línea política marcada por Moscú -
Iron Courtain
The Iron Curtain was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and non-Soviet-controlled areas. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union -
Comecon
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world. -
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La guerra de Yom Kippur
Conflicto de la 3ª fase de la Guerra fría en el que se enfrentaron Egipto y Siria contra Israel. Tras la formación del estado de Israel en 1948, los conflicto con los países vecinos fueron continuos. Se desencadenó cuando Egipto y Siria atacaron Israel. Los países árabes productores de petróleo llevaron a cabo un embargo petrolero, lo que desembocó en una grave crisis económica internacional -
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism. -
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet states during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.
