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1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther translated the Bible from Latin to vernacular language, allowing people to be educated in their own language. He advocated for establishing schools to teach children how to read. In turn this influenced modern theorists with the ideas of Universal Education, public support of education, teaching of reading to all children, and adult literacy. -
John Locke
John Locke said children are born as blank tablets or tabula rasa. He also believed that children's experiences determine who they are. Experiences are the basis of all learning. Locke's influence on Modern Theorists promoted ideas such as learning to begin early in a child's childhood, children learn what they are taught, and the idea that children can be reared to think and act as society wants them to. -
Robert Owen
Robert Owen believed that the environment determines a child's beliefs, behaviors, and achievements. He also believed that society can shape a child's character. He taught education can help build a new society. His contributions influenced modern theorists with the ideas of education counteracting children's poor environments, the importance of infant programs, and early childhood education can reform society. -
Friedrich Froebel
Freidrich Froebel believed that children develop through "unfolding", he compared children to growing plants. He founded the kindergarten or the "Garden of Children". Froebel developed "gifts" and "occupations" to help young children learn. He also believed children can and should learn through play. Froebel's contributions influenced Modern Theorists with the ideas that Teacher's role is similar to a gardener's, children should have a specific materials to laern concepts and skills. -
Maria Montessori
Maria contributed the Montessori method for educating young children. Her approach used learning materials in the classroom that met the needs of young children. Specifically, sensory-based learning materials that are self-correcting. She emphasized the importance of a well-prepared classroom. She believed the foundation of teaching is respect for children. Her contributions influenced the Montessori schools we see today and influenced teacher training programs. -
Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget theorized that cognitive development is based on ages and stages. He believed children are "little scientists" and develop their own intelligence. He believed that mental and physical activities are important for cognitive development. He used a project approach to learning. He influenced constructivist approaches, matching education to cognitive development, and active involvement of children in learning activities. -
Erik Erikson
Erikson believed the theory of psychosocial development and cognitive development occur in conjunction with social development. He believed life is a series of 8 stages. The interactions and care of parents and teachers help determine the emotional and cognitive development of children. He influenced the idea that emotional and cognitive development are equal, play supports children's social and cognitive development, and all children need predictable love, care, and education. -
Howard Gardner
Gardner contributed the theory of multiple intelligences and that intelligence consists of nine abilities. He also believed that intelligence is not a single broad ability, but rather a set of abilities. His contributions influenced teachers to develop programs and curriculum that matches children's "intelligence abilities". This brought more awareness and attention to the multiple ways in which children learn and think.
