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Donna Haraway
Donna Haraway is a feminist biologist who called into question the level of equality in the field of science. Through a series of works starting in the mid-'80s, she challenged the scientific perception of what being a male or female or human really is, and what it means to be a scientist. -
Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective
Haraway published "Situated Knowledges" in 1988 as a critique of Sandra Harding's The Science Question in Feminism (1986). Haraway argued that feminism in science is an argument of objectivity, to eliminate pre-defined biases and achieve equality. This work shows the difference between scientists who view the field as a rhetorical practice and seek to "win" and dictate, and those that view it objectively, working for the collective good and progress of science. -
Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science (1990)
Haraway published this in 1990 about the tendency to masculinize the stories of "reproductive competition and sex between aggressive males and receptive females [that] facilitate some and preclude other types of conclusions." Haraway presents that the typical differences in the female and male perspective on this situation lead to drastically different conclusions, calling into question the authenticity and validity of current arguments lacking in perspective. -
Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the 1980s
Haraway first published this essay in 1985. Through it, she explains a cyborg society, capable of collective knowledge and instant access to it. She shows this civilization as a representation of unity, communication, and progress, showing how an entire civilization capable of working together could bring great progress. This work holds great importance for showing the strength of true equality, and describing what it looks like. Haraway also alludes toward what we should be pursuing as
