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He discovered that if you bred together a yellow pea plant and a green pea plant that the offspring will always be yellow. In the paper about his dicovery Mendel describbed that action as invisible factors providing visible traits
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He origonaly wanted to isolate and charachterise the protien componants of a white blood cell. But in the experement he came across an object that had unusual chemical properties. Miescher quickly realized he had discovered a new substance which took scientist more then 50 years to appreciate
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while doing a study he collected family history from his patients. And in disscussion he concluded that alkaptonuria was a recessive trait.He published this and it was the first account of recessive inheritince in humans
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while he was working he conducted a experiment that caused harmless bacteria to become deadly. determined to find out what caused it he began purifing bacteria . he noted that it had no protien or carbhydrate but a nucleic acid and claimed it was DNA
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He began working on the chemistry of nucleic acids and wanted to diverse a method of analysing nitrogenous componants and sugars in DNA.He released two papers of much importance. His studys eventually improved and he was able to conclud that in any double-stranded DNA, the number of guanine units is equal to the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units is equal to the number of thymine units, and second that the composition of DNA varies between speicies this is the chargaff rule
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Rosalind was working to to produce two sets of high-resolution photographs of DNA fibers. By taking these pictures she was able to conclude the dimensions of the dna and that phosphates were on the outside. Her x-rays were described as the most beautiful ever takin but somebody had released them before she could
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The two scientist using x-rays and model building were able to solve a puzzle scientists have been trying to solve for years. and were awarded the nobel piece prize for the discovery of the double helix structure.
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many scientists were on a frenzy to crack the genetic code so Gamow created a club for exclusive members called the "RNA tie club which let them explain their ideas and their were only 20 members one for each amino acid. ironically he did not discover the genetic code.
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Cytogenetics first took impact in 1959 when they linked an extra chromosome to down syndrome. the invention of giemsa transformed the discipline making it possible.
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nirunberg wanted to focus his research on nucleic acids and protein synthesis in the hope of cracking 'life's code'.he later performed a experiment that showed that a chain of the repeating bases uracil forced a protein chain made of one repeating amino acid, phenylalanine. this proved the code could be broken.
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molecular biologists could now decipher the genetic code and spell out the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Sanger later won the nobel piece prize for his findings.
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progressive neurodegenerative disease which is commen between 30 and 45 is caused by multiple symptoms. and in 1983 HD was the first diesease mapped using DNA polymorphism.
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In 1990 the first gene associated with breast and ovrian cancer. this gene is located on the 17th chromosome and everyone has a copy of this gene.
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The human genome project was predicted to last 15 years. Many orginazations were interested because it would help advance medicine and for mutations radiations might cause. the goals of this project are determining all 3.2 billion letter, mapping and sequencing the genomes.
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J. Craig Venter and colleagues published the first sequensed genome a free living organism Haemophilus Influenzae.Haemophilus Influenzae can cause meningites and ear infection.prior to this scientists had only few sequences of viruses.this project took about a year and proved that the shotgun technique.
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This sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from a adult cell. Accomplishing this proved that DNA could create an entire organsim. scientists found a wat to reprogram the cell and put it into an unfertial egg. dolly was the only one to survive out of 277 attempts.
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leaders of human genome project ment at bermunda and thought data should be shared freely among the public. the agreement to this led to possible advances in healthcare and research.
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an international team of researchers discovered the first full genetic human chromosome. This chromosome contained 33.5 million chemical componets.at the time this was the longest continuas stretch of DNA.
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scientists decoded the genetic make up of the fruit fly.Fly cells have alot in commen with a mammal cell.scientists dicovered that fly cells 13,601 cells. But a human contains 70,000 genes
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scientists had finally decoded the first mammal genome,This allowed scientists to compare human genomes with other mammals.this showed that a mouse genome can match 90% of the human genome which show how close they are.
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history was made when the human genome project was finally completed. The scientists could finaly fill the gaps and completed 99% doing this they were able to predict that there will be an error about 1 event out of 100,000
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