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Jan 1, 1209
Cambridge
The University of Cambridge It is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world The university grew out of an association of scholars that was formed in 1209, early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk.[4] The two "ancient universities" have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each oth -
King College
is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. King's has a claim to being the third-oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829, receiving its royal charter in the same year. In 1836 King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. -
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel the "Father of Genetics" performed an experiement in 1857 that led to increased interest in the study of genetics. Mendel who became a monk of the Roman Catholic church in 1843, studied at the University of Vienna where he mastered mathematics, and then later performed many scientific experiments. The greatest experiment that Mendel performed involved growing thousands of pea plants for 8 years. He was forced to give up his experiment when he became abbot of the monastery. -
Cavendish Lab
he Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge had been founded in 1871 with James Clerk Maxwell the first Cavendish Professor. The young Thomson was chosen to be the third Cavendish Professor in 1884. He was inexperienced in doing experiments, but he learned quickly and presided over a flourishing of experimental physics at the Cavendish. Supported by his administration and teaching, many important experiment but he learned quickly and presided over a flourishing of experimental physics at the Cavendish -
Phoebus Levene
Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene, M.D. was a Lithuanian-American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids. He characterized the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA, and found that DNA contained adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. -
Sir Lawrence Bragg
Physicist Lawrence Bragg studied under J. J. Thomson and was the son of physicist William Bragg. Building on Max von Laue's pioneering work in x-ray crystallography, he proposed in 1912 what is now called Bragg's law of diffraction, which explains how crystals diffract X-ray beams at specific angles of incidence. They theorized that the molecular structure of a crystal could be ascertained from observing and analyzing the x-ray interference pattern, and to prove their assertion they designed. -
Fedrick Griffith
fedrick griffith was trying to find a vaccine against strepotococcus pneumonias but instead made a break through in world heredity he did four experiments in wich he injected strand of bacteria into mice one strand that was harmless R and harmless S. oswald overy was interested by what fredrick discovered so he and his collagues found away to extract the heat killed disease carrying cells -
Erwin Chargaff
Erwin Chargaff Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist and author. Discovered the key facts necessary to determine the basic chemical structure of DNA.He received a doctorate in chemistry from the Vienna University of Technology (Technische Universität Wien) in 1928. After graduation he went on to Yale University in the United States, where he investigated the chemical composition of lipids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium causing tuberculosis. -
Jerry Donahue
jerry donahue was born in sheboygan wisconsin and studied for his two degress at Darmouth college where he earned his A.R. in 1941 and his MA. in 1943. he worked on his PHD under linus pauling at the california institue od Technology for 6 months he shared an office with francis crick and james D watson in his work to determine the structure of DNA -
Avery Oswald
Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod and other scientists at the Rockefeller Institute in New York were informed that one type of pneumonia could transform into another in vivo. With this new knowledge, Avery knew that he had to identify the conditions in which transformation could happen and the agents that made these changes possible. To this end, Avery and his team began the process of identifying DNA as that agent of change in all living things. -
James Watson
james watson in 1947, recieved a B.Sc. degree in those years he had a serious desire to learn gentetics he recievedhis ph.D degree in zoological. In late may he met maurice wilkins and saw for the first time thex-ray diffraction pattern of aystalline DNa in early August 1951 he arranged with john kendrew for him to work at the cavendish laboratory. early october he met crick and discovered their common interest in solving the DNA structure. -
John Kendrew
The MRC unit had been established in 1947 and comprised only max perutz and john kendrew studying haemoglobin crystals by x-ray diffraction. The untit was housed in the cavendish labarotory, combridge at the head of which was Sir Laurence Bragg. Francis crick joined the unit in 1949 and became involved in the haemoglobin project he became involved in the helical diffraction in 1951 as well -
Max Perutz
Max F. Perutz studied under J. D. Bernal, and founded the world-famous Medical Research Council Unit for Molecular Biology at Cambridge in 1947, where Francis Crick and James Watson met, and where Perutz and John C. Kendrew conducted their investigations of the protein hemoglobin. In 1959 Perutz showed that the hemoglobin molecule consists of four distinct polypeptide chains in a tetrameric structure, Perutz and Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. -
Raymond Gosling
Raymond Gosling is a distinguished scientist who worked with both Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College London in deducing the structure of DNA, under the direction of Sir John Randall.was then assigned to Rosalind Franklin when she joined King's College London in 1951. Together they produced the first X-ray diffraction photographs of the "form B" paracrystalline arrays of highly hydrated DNA. She was his academic supervisor. During the next two years, the pair worked closely t -
Peter Pauling
In January 1953 Linus Pauling sent his son Peter, who was studying at Cambridge, a draft copy of his paper on DNA for comment. Watson knew Peter and somehow got a sight of the DNA paper. The outcome was that Watson took the paper to Franklin for comment, but she dismissed it as rubbish, being further annoyed as she had written to Pauling for information, but none had been sent. Upset at his reception Watson went to talk to Wilkins who he met in the main passageway to the lab. -
Rosalind Franklin
British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer who made critical contributions to the understanding of the fine molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite.Her DNA work achieved the most fame because DNA plays essential roles in cell metabolism and genetics, and the discovery of its structure helped scientists understand how genetic information is passed from parents to children -
Francis Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick, was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 together with James D. Watson. He, Watson, and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". -
Linus Pauling
Pauling was a physicist with an interest in chemistry.[His] scientific work, however, has not been restricted to chemistry and physics, but has extended over X-ray crystallography, mineralogy, biochemistry, nuclear science, genetics, and molecular biology; also nutrition and various aspects of research in medicine, such as serology, immunology, and psychiatry Pauling received two Nobel Prizes acknowledging his contributions, one in Chemistry in 1954 -
Nature Magazine
In April 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick wrote these words as part of the opening paragraph of a Letter to Nature. On the 50th anniversary celebrations of the publication of the structure of DNA, Nature presents this web focus, containing news, features and web specials celebrating the historical, scientific and cultural impacts of the discovery of the double helix. -
Maurice wilkins
A british biophysicist best known for his contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA x-ray diffraction pictures done by wilkin assistant / co-worker rosalind franklin on the aligned fibers within DNA were seen by James watson and francis crick what is revealed, were then able to build an accurate detailed of the DNA molecule wilkins watsonand crickwere awarded the noble prize in 1962 for physiology and medicine. -
John Randall
Sir John Turton Randall,was a British physicist and biophysicist, credited with radical improvement of the cavity magnetron, an essential component of centimetric wavelength radar, which was one of the keys to the Allied victory in the Second World War. It is also the key component of microwave ovens.He also led the King's College London team which worked on the structure of DNA; his deputy, Professor Maurice Wilkins, shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, together with James Ws -
Friedrich Meischer
Friedrich Meischer first investedgated the proteins in these cells during the experiments he noticed a substance with unexpected properties that did not mach those of proteins. mieshcher had obtained the first crude purfication of DNA. he further examined the properties and composition of this enigmatic substance. Due to its occurrence in the cells, he termed the novel substance name deoxyriboncliec acid
