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New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery is founded and recognizes diabetes as a disease
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Bernard completes experiments to find pancreatic glucose control enzymes. Later discovers that liver stores glycogen. Assumes excesses glycogen secretion causes diabetes (widely accepted).
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Michel Eugène Chevreul discovers that glucose is found in the urine of those suffering from diabetes.
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Adolph Kussmaul hypothesizes that ketones are a cause of diabetic coma
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Wilhelm Petters demonstrates that patients with Diabetes have amounts of ketones in their urine.
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Henry Noyes describes and attributes severe retinopathy to diabetes in a patient.
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Apollinaire Bouchardat creates rationed diets for patient treatment- later becomes fad diets and create more issues for diabetic patients. Drinking oil- lead sugar- oatmeal- etc all prescribed as treatments
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Samuel Gee observes higher renal issues and disease in patients with diabetes.
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Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering removed the pancreas of a dog and discovered it develops diabetes- shows a connection between the two.
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Gustave Edouard Laguesse believes that tiny spots of tissue on the pancreas could be responsible for glucose control.
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Edouard Hedon proves that a total pancreatectomy will conclude with the patient developing diabetes.
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Stanley Rossiter Benedict creates Benedict's solution to test for glucose.
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New diets were created to combat diabetes- all ineffective fad diets that usually make patients worse.
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Found connection with degeneration of the islets of Langerhans and the occurrence of diabetes
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John Rennie and Thomas Fraser kill dog via insulin injection from a cod. Hypoglycemia started to be theorized.
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Georg Zuelzer finds insulin injections can be used to control diabetes.
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Jean de Mayer names substance produced by the isles of Langerhans Insulin.
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Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer finds that diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin- not overproduction of glycogen.
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Frederick Madison Allen and Elliott P. Joslin push starvation diet for diabetes cure- didn't work.
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Nicolas Constantin Paulesco injects a dog with insulin and blood glucose drops dramatically before death.
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The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (Elliott P. Joslin) brings ideas about a controlled fasting diet and regular exercise- still used a bit today.
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Frederick Banting and Charles Best create a solution from pancreatic tissue and inject into diabetic dogs and see improvement.
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Frederick Banting and Charles Best find that cattle pancreas can lower blood sugar- step to cheap insulin.
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Frederick Banting and Charles Best inject their solution into a 14-year-old diabetic boy- glucose drops to the normal amount and patient lives.
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Eli Lilly and Company make a deal for mass production of insulin
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Insulin is now commercially available in the US
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Dr. Charles Kimball and Dr. John Murlin discover glucagon