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Diabetes is recognized as a clinical disease.
New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery is founded and recognizes diabetes as a disease -
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Claude Bernard Experiments and Theory
Bernard completes experiments to find pancreatic glucose control enzymes. Later discovers that liver stores glycogen. Assumes excesses glycogen secretion causes diabetes (widely accepted). -
Glucose found in patients with diabetes
Michel Eugène Chevreul discovers that glucose is found in the urine of those suffering from diabetes. -
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Adolph Kussmaul proposals
Adolph Kussmaul hypothesizes that ketones are a cause of diabetic coma -
Wilhelm Petters Demonstration
Wilhelm Petters demonstrates that patients with Diabetes have amounts of ketones in their urine. -
Retinopathy
Henry Noyes describes and attributes severe retinopathy to diabetes in a patient. -
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Food diets
Apollinaire Bouchardat creates rationed diets for patient treatment- later becomes fad diets and create more issues for diabetic patients. Drinking oil- lead sugar- oatmeal- etc all prescribed as treatments -
Kidney related issues of diabetes
Samuel Gee observes higher renal issues and disease in patients with diabetes. -
Pancreas Removal Induced Diabetes
Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering removed the pancreas of a dog and discovered it develops diabetes- shows a connection between the two. -
Pancreatic tissue theory
Gustave Edouard Laguesse believes that tiny spots of tissue on the pancreas could be responsible for glucose control. -
Pancreas relation
Edouard Hedon proves that a total pancreatectomy will conclude with the patient developing diabetes. -
Benedict's solution created
Stanley Rossiter Benedict creates Benedict's solution to test for glucose. -
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New diets and treatments founded
New diets were created to combat diabetes- all ineffective fad diets that usually make patients worse. -
islets of Langerhans connection deepened
Found connection with degeneration of the islets of Langerhans and the occurrence of diabetes -
Insulin Kills, man
John Rennie and Thomas Fraser kill dog via insulin injection from a cod. Hypoglycemia started to be theorized. -
Insulin control of diabetes
Georg Zuelzer finds insulin injections can be used to control diabetes. -
Insulin gets its name
Jean de Mayer names substance produced by the isles of Langerhans Insulin. -
Diabetes insulin connection updated
Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer finds that diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin- not overproduction of glycogen. -
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Starvation Diets
Frederick Madison Allen and Elliott P. Joslin push starvation diet for diabetes cure- didn't work. -
Another dog dies for science
Nicolas Constantin Paulesco injects a dog with insulin and blood glucose drops dramatically before death. -
New diets and ideas.
The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (Elliott P. Joslin) brings ideas about a controlled fasting diet and regular exercise- still used a bit today. -
Discovery of Insulin as insulin (the dogs live this time)
Frederick Banting and Charles Best create a solution from pancreatic tissue and inject into diabetic dogs and see improvement. -
Cattle Insulin
Frederick Banting and Charles Best find that cattle pancreas can lower blood sugar- step to cheap insulin. -
Leonard Thompson
Frederick Banting and Charles Best inject their solution into a 14-year-old diabetic boy- glucose drops to the normal amount and patient lives. -
Massive insulin productions
Eli Lilly and Company make a deal for mass production of insulin -
Commercially available
Insulin is now commercially available in the US -
Glucagon discovered
Dr. Charles Kimball and Dr. John Murlin discover glucagon