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-Experiencing the world through senses and actions
-Object permanance
-Stranger Anxiety
EX: Looking, hearing, touching, mouthing and grasping -
-If needs are dependably met, infants developa sense of basic trust.
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-Experiment invloving the removal of children from foster mothers, the children had a hard time eating, sleeping, and relating to their new mothers.
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-Between 5% and 15% of babies and children are slow-to-warm-up, in that they withdraw from or are slow to adapt to new things, they have a low level of activity, and they show a lot of negative mood. Slow-to-warm-up babies do not like to be pushed into things. They are frequently thought of as shy or sensitive.
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-About 40% of babies and children have an easy temperament, meaning that they readily approach and easily adapt to new situations, they react mildly to things, they are regular in their sleep/wake and eating routines, and they have a positive overall mood. Easy babies make their parents feel as if they are doing a great job.
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-Approximately 10% of babies and children have a difficult temperament, which means that they withdraw from or are slow to adapt to new situations, they have intense reactions, they have irregular routines, and they have a negative mood. They tend to have long and frequent crying episodes. Parents of difficult babies may question their child care abilities and wonder what they are doing wrong.
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-Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.
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-Representing things with wordsand images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
-Pretend play
-Egocentrism -
-Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent.
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-Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior.
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-They obey rules either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.
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-Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations.
-Conservation
-Mathmatical transformations -
-Children at age 10, little visible effects were noticable when parents were removed from the children for a brief amount of time.
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-First menstural period -Breast development and hips
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-Focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are the laws and rules.
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-Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are.
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-First ejaculation which occurs as a nocturnal emission. -Facial hair and deepened voice.
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-Actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or from self-defined, basic ethical principles.
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-Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated.
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-Abstract Reasoning
-Abstract Logic
-Potntial for mature moral reasoning -
The average age for a woman to give birth was at age 26 in 2013.
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The average age of first marriage in the United States is 27 for women.
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The average age of first marriage in the United States is 29 for men.
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-Physical decline
-Visual Sharpness diminishes and distance perception and adaptation to changes in light level are less acute
-Stairs seem steeper
-Print seems to get smaller
-Hearing begins to weaken
-Mumble more -
-In the middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.
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-Memory worsens
-Harder to learn things
-Dementia isn’t a disease. It’s a group of symptoms that affect mental tasks like memory and reasoning. Dementia can be caused by a variety of conditions, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s disease.
-Crystalized intelligence= amount of info. you obtain and verbal skills you develop over time INCREASES OVER TIME
-Fluid Intelligence= is your ability to reason in an abstract way DECREASES OVER TIME -
-The average age of midlife transition for men (43) and women (44) -Midlife crisis= an emotional crisis of identity and self-confidence that can occur in early middle age.
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-Biological sign of aging in women
-Ends her menstural cycles
-Usually within a few years of 50
-Her expectations and attitudes will influence the emotional impact of this event. -
-Reflecting on his or her life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.
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-The eye's pupil shrinks and lens becomes less transparent
-Need 3x more light to see things so when they buy a car, need to make sure the windows aren't tinted
-Reaction time is slower
-Body's immune system weakens -
-Worldwide, the average life expectancy at birth was 71.0 years -68.5 years for males
-73.5 years for females