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Birth
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Sensorimotor Stage
-Experiencing the world through senses and actions
-Object permanance
-Stranger Anxiety
EX: Looking, hearing, touching, mouthing and grasping -
Period: to
Trust vs. Mistrust
-If needs are dependably met, infants developa sense of basic trust. -
(2 Months) Raise head to 45 degrees
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(2.8 Months) Roll Over
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(4 Months) Sit with Support
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Sit without support
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Period: to
Insecure Attachment
-Experiment invloving the removal of children from foster mothers, the children had a hard time eating, sleeping, and relating to their new mothers. -
Pull self to standing position
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Walk holding onto furniture
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Creep
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Stand alone
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Slow-To-Warm-Up Temperament
-Between 5% and 15% of babies and children are slow-to-warm-up, in that they withdraw from or are slow to adapt to new things, they have a low level of activity, and they show a lot of negative mood. Slow-to-warm-up babies do not like to be pushed into things. They are frequently thought of as shy or sensitive. -
Walk
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Easy Temperament
-About 40% of babies and children have an easy temperament, meaning that they readily approach and easily adapt to new situations, they react mildly to things, they are regular in their sleep/wake and eating routines, and they have a positive overall mood. Easy babies make their parents feel as if they are doing a great job. -
Difficult Temperament
-Approximately 10% of babies and children have a difficult temperament, which means that they withdraw from or are slow to adapt to new situations, they have intense reactions, they have irregular routines, and they have a negative mood. They tend to have long and frequent crying episodes. Parents of difficult babies may question their child care abilities and wonder what they are doing wrong. -
Period: to
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
-Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities. -
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Preoperational Stage
-Representing things with wordsand images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
-Pretend play
-Egocentrism -
Period: to
Initiative vs. Guilt
-Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent. -
Period: to
Industry vs. Inferiority
-Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior. -
Preconventional Morality
-They obey rules either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards. -
Period: to
Concrete Operational Stage
-Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations.
-Conservation
-Mathmatical transformations -
Secure Attachment
-Children at age 10, little visible effects were noticable when parents were removed from the children for a brief amount of time. -
Puberty for Girls: Menarche & Physical Changes
-First menstural period -Breast development and hips -
Conventional Morality
-Focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are the laws and rules. -
Period: to
Identity vs. Role Confusion
-Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are. -
Puberty For Boys: Spermarche & Physical Changes
-First ejaculation which occurs as a nocturnal emission. -Facial hair and deepened voice. -
Postconventional Morality
-Actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or from self-defined, basic ethical principles. -
Period: to
Intimacy vs. Isolation
-Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated. -
Period: to
Formal Operational Stage
-Abstract Reasoning
-Abstract Logic
-Potntial for mature moral reasoning -
Average age for women to have thier first child
The average age for a woman to give birth was at age 26 in 2013. -
Average age for women to marry in the US
The average age of first marriage in the United States is 27 for women. -
Average Age for men to marry in the US
The average age of first marriage in the United States is 29 for men. -
Early/ Middle Adulthood Physical and Sensory Changes
-Physical decline
-Visual Sharpness diminishes and distance perception and adaptation to changes in light level are less acute
-Stairs seem steeper
-Print seems to get smaller
-Hearing begins to weaken
-Mumble more -
Period: to
Generativity vs. Stagnation
-In the middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. -
Period: to
Cognitive Changes in Adulthood
-Memory worsens
-Harder to learn things
-Dementia isn’t a disease. It’s a group of symptoms that affect mental tasks like memory and reasoning. Dementia can be caused by a variety of conditions, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s disease.
-Crystalized intelligence= amount of info. you obtain and verbal skills you develop over time INCREASES OVER TIME
-Fluid Intelligence= is your ability to reason in an abstract way DECREASES OVER TIME -
Average age of midlife transition for men and women
-The average age of midlife transition for men (43) and women (44) -Midlife crisis= an emotional crisis of identity and self-confidence that can occur in early middle age. -
Menopause in Women/ Occurance
-Biological sign of aging in women
-Ends her menstural cycles
-Usually within a few years of 50
-Her expectations and attitudes will influence the emotional impact of this event. -
Integrity vs. Despair
-Reflecting on his or her life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure. -
Late Adulthood Physical and Sensory Changes
-The eye's pupil shrinks and lens becomes less transparent
-Need 3x more light to see things so when they buy a car, need to make sure the windows aren't tinted
-Reaction time is slower
-Body's immune system weakens -
Death: Average life Expectancy for males and females
-Worldwide, the average life expectancy at birth was 71.0 years -68.5 years for males
-73.5 years for females