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Since the genocide, Rwanda's government has been led by Paul Kagame.Although he remains very popular within Rwanda and has received acclaim for his economic record, Kagame's method of government, state-sponsored media and human rights record has provoked criticism from outsiders.(https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/apr/03/rwanda-20-years-on-how-a-country-is-rebuilding-itself)
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Since Rwanda has limited minerals, its development relies on a solid base of human resources, qualified in science and technology, with particular emphasis on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This explains the prioritization of science and technology education in the country. Today the government of Rwanda has created a conducive environment, for promotion of science and technology education.
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The driving force for policy development across government ministries, public institutions, and with the country’s development partners, and this seems to be paying off.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9gdMF13D9Y -
Part 1 sets out the overview of the NICI process since its inception in 2000. It also provides a background of Rwanda's current ICT status in relation to the global context: national development strategies, ICT vision, achievements, challenges and opportunities, and created a long-term plan to achieve full digitization in four five-year stages.(https://bit.ly/37OzxQm)
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ICT in education policy, along with detailed implementation strategies, are defined in each of the quinquennial NICI plans for action by the Ministry of Education – supported and monitored by the national facilitating agencies described above (https://www.infodev.org/infodev files/resource/InfodevDocuments_423.pdf)
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Vision 2020 identifies six interwoven pillars, including good governance and an efficient State, skilled human capital, vibrant private sector, world-class physical infrastructure and modern agriculture and livestock, all geared towards prospering in national, regional and global markets(http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/documents/NDPR/Vision_2020_.pdf)
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The document has officially been approved, steps are being taken, through the SWAp process, to translate policies into detailed strategies designed to achieve policy objectives. These strategies will be published in the Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP).
https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/en/2003/education-sector-policy-3694 -
In a bid to stimulate growth in the sector, the government has invested in developing ICT infrastructure to enable service delivery through the following projects,4G LTE Roll out, IT innovation centre (KLab), ICT Center of excellence, ICT Bus,etc.
https://rdb.rw/departments/information-communication-technology/#tab-1-3 -
Ministry of Education has begun work on many of these action plans and in March 2006 tabled a draft ICT policy that identified the following four areas of focus;
• Developing an understanding within the system of the value of technology and the
need for investment
• Developing procurement and installation strategies
• Implementing an EMIS
• Developing and managing content and integrating it into the curriculum -
This policy is to improve the education sector by 2011, in sectors such as access to quality, equitable and effective education
https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/rwanda_teachers_management_policy.pdf -
The draft Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP) 2008-2012 pointed out that the promotion of science and technology in education with special attention to ICT remains at the core of the Strategic Plan, recognizing their essential role to achieve the human development objectives set out in Vision 2020 and the EDPRS.
(https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/rwanda_ict_policy.pdf) -
A Strategic Implementation Framework with the vision and understanding of how to support the Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) to establish ICT in Education and the Education Sector Plan, was formulated in Kigali. The primary role players were MINEDUC officials, ICT companies in the private sector, local and international donor agencies, Rwandan academic institutions and the Global Education Alliance (GEA)
https://www.slideshare.net/ihbonne/rwanda-essp-20082012 -
Vision 2020, document published by the Government in July 2000, outlined plans for the nation to move "from the humanitarian assistance phase associated with the 1994 genocide into one of sustainable development" to become a middle-income country by the year 2020. A pillar of the nation's plans to accomplish this task is to move from an agricultural to a knowledge-based economy.http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/14-381-150400887541-45.pdf
https://youtu.be/qPynTH5hL2I -
Vision 2020 identifies six interwoven pillars, including
good governance and an efficient State, skilled human capital, vibrant private sector, world-class physical infrastructure and modern agriculture and livestock, all geared towards prospering in national, regional and global market.
http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/documents/NDPR/Vision_2020_.pdf -
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Utilising ICT as “a tool to enhance teaching and learning” with a view to achieve knowledge-based economic developments. This is to provide more educational opportunities and accessibilities by developing ICT skills.
https://minict.gov.rw/policies publications/strategy/#:~:text=The%20SMART%20Rwanda%20Master%20Plan%202015%2D2020%20objectives%20build%20on,information%20and%20knowledge%2Dbased%20economy. -
Ministry of Education revisited the ICT policy to accommodate the process of the 21st century skills into the teaching and learning process. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/rwanda_ict_in_education_policy_approved.pdf
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Rwanda’s Vision 2050 captures the country’s high aspirations for future security, prosperity, and modernity. It sets a target of achieving upper-middle income status by 2035 and high-income status by 2050.”
https://medium.com/@david.himbara_27884/kagames-new-fantasy-is-transforming-rwanda-into-upper-middle-income-of-us-4-035-per-capita-by-2035-55054253d65a#:~:text=Rather%20than%20explaining%20why%20Rwanda,into%20two%2015%2Dyear%20phases.
