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5100 BCE
Olmecs
Olmecs was the first advanced civilization in the Americas, they created the first long count calendar, began bloodletting, the Mesoamerican ballgame, zero the pyramids and chocolate. -
2000 BCE
Maya
The Mayans continued bloodletting, ballgame, and calendar that was influenced by the Olmecs. The Mayan advanced in human sacrifice and developed hieroglyphics and a caste system. -
1825 BCE
Stephen F. Austin
Stephen F. Austin also was known as the father of Texas because he was the founder of Texas and an empresario, he led the second and the most succesful colonization of the Texas region by bringing 300 families to the region in 1825. -
1500 BCE
Mesoamerica
Corns, beans, squash, tomatoes, potatoes developed by natives in this area less than 10,000 years ago. Mesoamerica was the first advanced civilization in the Americas. Created the first long count calendar. -
1300
The Rennaisance
The Rennaisance was considered a "Rebirth" and regarded as a cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and Modern history. during this period a lot of new technology was introduced along with art works like the Mona Lisa. The printing press which was created by Jonah Gutenberg, the printing press was a way to quickly replicate and spread literary works and forever transformed Europe and the world -
1347
The Black Death
The disastrous mortal disease known as the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-53. The black death transformed society along with religion, economy and the cause to the death of 30% to 65% of Europe's population. -
1492
Native American societies
Eastern North American-Eastern Woodland people were very connected to nature and took advantage of natural resources, the Native American societies were also seasonal migrants and they settled in large villages from New England to the Gulf coast. -
Period: 1500 to
Beggining Of Exploration
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Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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Bering Land Bridge
The Bering Land Bridge was the first Americans and the first wave about 27,000 years ago (some think it was 40,000 years ago). The second wave was 8,000 years ago made up of ancestors of modern SW natives. The third wave was the last major wave 5,000 years ago and was made up of ancestors of Artic Natives. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was the three-way trade route that covered England, Europe, and Africa and traveled to the Americas to supply American colonies with Slaves, sugar, fruits and molasses. -
Militia
The early colonists of America considered the militia an important social institution, necessary to provide defense and public safety. Militias were usually made up of non-professional soldiers or regular citizens, the entire population of a community, town, state or country could be chosen to serve as a part of the militias, the men that were chosen usually served for a short period of time and Men who failed to respond to the military's "call up" were legally penalized. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement emphasizing reason and helped lead to the American Revolution and was also known as the "age of reason'' and was caused by the Thirty' Years War, John Locke was the Leader of the Enlightment. It lasted all the way to 1818. -
Slavery
Slaves were people owned by other people who were forced into labor. The first slaves to come to the Us were African slaves who were brought through the "Middle Passage" where slaves were densely packed into ships and transported from the Atlantic to the west Indies. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusets Bay Colony was a joint stock company chartered by the English crown. It was made up of a large group of Puritans that settled at the bay colony in the 1700s, The colony was led by John Winthrop who led a large group of 1,000 puritans on 15 ships to the Massachusets bay. -
New England Colonies
The New England Colonies were a colony made up of Puritans, they sailed the Mayflower 100 miles North and made the Mayflower Compact in 1620 -
Charter Colonies
The Charter Colonie is one of the three classes of colonial government, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusets Bay were all charter colonies. -
Colonial Economies
Colonial Economies resulted from trapping and trading in furs, the fishing industry was a primary source of wealth in Massachusetts. But throughout the colonies, people relied primarily on small farms and self-sufficiency. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was when William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688. The event brought a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. The trials resulted in the executions of twenty people, fourteen of them women, and all but one by hanging. Five others (including two infant children) died in prison. -
Proprietary Colonies
Proprietary Colonies was a type of British colony mostly in North America and the Carribean in the 17th century. The colonies were grants in form of a charter or a license to rule for individuals or groups, the colonies could be owned by a person or family and they had the freedom to make their own laws. -
The Chesapeake Colonies
The Chesapeake Colonies started in Jamestown Virginia, they made their fortunes through the cultivation of Tobacco Chesapeake was a royal colony and they started the Headright System since the population was in decline they started this system to attract new settlers and they woulf give 50 acres of land to anyone that settled here. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a movement that altered religious beliefs, practices and relationships in the American colonies, and was consideed the most important event for American religions, Josh Edwards was invited to preach to neighboring towns to spread their beliefs and was considered the most intense outporing in American history. -
Revivalism
Revivalism in a Christian context is usually referring to a specific period of spiritual renewal in the church and an outburst of religious enthusiasm, and helped maintain a strong Evangelical Protestant culture in America. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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French And Indian War/ Seven-Years War
The French And Indian war was the war between North America, Great Britain and France and was also known as the Seven Years War it began in 1764 and ended with the Treaty Of Paris in 1763 -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was a street fight that happened on March, 5 1770 causing 5 deaths the fighting started because the british put a tax on goods like tea, glass, paper, paint and lead also known as the Townshed Act. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea party was a political protest in which 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East Indian Company were thrown from ships and into Boston Harbor, because of the this rebellious act the colony established the intolerable act. -
Battle Of Lexington and Concord
The Battle Of Lexington was the first revolutionary battle, British troops were sent to confiscate colonial weapons, the army defeats 700 British soldiers this victory lead them to feeling confident about the future wars. -
Common Sense
Common Sense was a book written by Thomas Paine to challenge the authority of the British government and royal monarchy. The book brought awareness to the people in the thirteen colonies about the dark side of slavery and encouraged people in the colonies to fight for egalitarian government. -
The Declaration Of Independence
The United States Declaration Of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson to announce and explain total separation from Great Britain. -
Articles Of Confederation
The continental congress adopted the Articles Of The Confederation, the first constitution of the united states and was made to limit power federal power. -
John C. Calhoun
John C. Calhoun was a prominent U.S. statesman and spokesperson for the slave plantation system of antebellum. he helped steer the United States into war with Great Britain, served as secretary of war, became the vice president and was also a secretary of state and managed to established the second bank of the United States. -
Treaty Of Paris
The treaty of Paris of 1783 was a document signed by the representatives of the United States Of America on September 7 to help end the Revolutionary War -
Period: to
The New Republic
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Shays rebellion
Shays rebellion was a post war recession, Daniel Shay led four thousand rebels in an uprising against perceived economic and civil rights injustices -
Winfield Scott
Winfield Scott was a United States Army General and was considered one of the most important American Military leaders, In 1821 Scott wrote "General Regulations for the army", the first comprehensive, systematic set of military bylaws that set standards for every aspect of the soldier's life. Scott ran for president for the Whig party in 1852 but was unsuccessful. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was established in 1787 and helped organize new territories needed to take in order to become a state. The Northwest Ordinance also helped outlaw slavery in northern states. -
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional convention was made to discuss possible improvements to the Articles Of Confederation and even though the convention was made to discuss the AOC only many delegates had other plans and used this time to make a decision on how America was going to be governed. -
Changes In Transportation (Industrial Revolution)
In the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the most popular invention was the steam engine, steam engines were used to carry passengers and cargo across rivers and lakes, another major invention was railroads and waterways which made it faster to travel from place to place. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was written by James Madison it proposed a strong central government made up of three branches, legislative, executive and judicial. -
Three Branches
Our federal government has three branches they are executive, legislative and judicial. each branch has its own powers, including working with other branches -
George Washington
George Washington was an American statesman and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. -
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was one of the founding fathers of the united states and a delegate to the constitution he was the main author of the of the first secretary of treasury, he convinced New Yorkers to ratify the US constitution. Hamilton died of a gunshot that he sustained during a duel with Aaron Burr -
Second Great Awakening
The second great awakening was a series of religious revival that started in 1801, the revival was joined by women, the black community, and Native Americans. it also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. -
Bill Of Rights
The Bill Of Rights are the first ten amendments written by James Madison in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a protest led by angry American farmers who disagreed with the tax imposed on whiskey and all alcoholic goods, the tax was imposed by treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton and the revolt was the first serious challenge against federal authority, the revolt met violent resistance but when President George Washington called out the militia, the rebellion collapsed. -
Changes In Communication
During the Industrial Revolution new ways to communicate started to evolve, one of the main inventions that changed communication forever was the telegraph which made long distance communication a lot more convinient. Before the telegraph the easiest way to communicate was the printing press which was a machine that transfered text and images onto paper. -
Cotton Gin
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the machine that changed that greatly changed the history of the United States forever. He invented what is known now as the Cotton Gin, the Cotton Gin was mostly used in the south because it made it easier and faster to remove the seeds from Cotton plants and highly affected the growth of slaves. By the mid-19th century, cotton had become America's leading export. -
Jay's Treaty
John Jay wrote the federalist and was one of the representatives of the united states, Jay's Treaty was an attempt to settle issues between the United States and Great Britain that had been left unresolved since the US independence. The treaty was unpopular but did help maintain the peace between the two nations and preserve neutrality between both states. -
Pickney's Treaty
Pickney's Treaty was established to build friendships between the United States and Spain. it helped define the boundaries between the two colonies and guaranteed navigation rights on the Mississippi river. The treaty was an important diplomatic success for the United States, and was signed in San Lorenzo de Escorial, in Madrid, Spain on October 27, 1795. -
Washington Farewell Address
Washingtons Farewell Address is the final address that president George Washington made to let his fellow citizens know he was leaving the presidency, on September 19, 1796, the American Daily Advertiser published Washingtons Farewell Address to the nation. On the address Washington talked about the dangers of divisive political parties and about how strongly he disagreed on the United States establishing permanent alliances with other countries. -
Changes In Agriculture
Agriculture was the main component in the British economy for many years, during the 18th century and after many attempts, new farming systems created what is known as the agricultural revolution, new farming techniques and improved ways to breed livestock was introduced during this time. -
Millennialism
Millennialism is the belief, most of the time by a religious, social or political group or movement in a major transformation, at the time millennialism was based on the belief that the world was about to end with the second upcoming of christ. Preacher William Miller gained thousands of followers after he came out with a prediction of when he believed the secnd upcoming of christ would happen. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was the passage that people especially African Americans used to escape slavery, the exact dates of this operation is still unknown today, all we know is that it happened from the late 18th century to the Civil War. -
Period: to
Age Of Jefferson
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Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the united states and was part of the Democratic-Republican Party and became the 3rd president of the US and served for two terms and was the primary author of the United States Declaration Of Independence -
Jefferson Administration
Thomas Jefferson's presidency began on March 4, 1801, when he was chosen as the third president of the United States since the new Republican Congress had yet to take office the house was still controlled by the federalist who would mock the Jefferson Address and now had the great opportunity to make mischief. Even though Thomas Jefferson was intended to be the president and Burr to be vice president the federalist thought of giving Burr the presidency in exchange of political favors. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal between the United States and France, with the Louisiana purchase the U.S. acquired about 827,000 square miles of land from the west and gave the U.S. full control over the Mississippi River, after the purchase the nation was now twice as large as before and added 13 new states to the country. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Lewis and Clark
The Lewis and Clark expedition was the first expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States, the expedition began near St. Louis and made its way westward and finally reached the Pacific coast, its inicial purpose was to explore unknown territory and to establish trade with the natives. -
Hamilton Vs. Burr
The Burr and Hamilton duel was fought between Aaron Burr the sitting vice president of the United States and Alexander Hamilton the former secretary of the treasury. The Duel was caused by a culmination of problems between the two men. Hamilton was shot, survived and took the bullet with him till the day of his death. -
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee served as a military officer in the army of the united states he was a west point comandant and the legendary general of the confederate army during the civil war, Lee and his army achieved great success during the peninsula campaign. -
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee served as a military officer in the U.S Army and was a west point comandant and the legendary general of the confederacy Army During the Civil War. Lee and his army achieved great success during the peninsula campaign and at the second bull run. -
War Of 1812
The War Of 1812 lasted from 1812 to 1815, the battle was fought because of many issues that the United States had unresolved with Britain after the revolutionary war, one of those problems was impressment of American sailors and trade restrictions on American Shipping. The war ended in 1815 with the Treaty Of Ghent. -
Lowell Mills
The Lowell Mills opened in 1814, the Waltham-Lowell mills were a labor production model employed in the united states during the Industrial Revolution, they offered something called the Lowell offering which was a monthly labor given to young women ages 15-35 who became known as the Lowell Mills Girls. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Federick Douglas
Federick Douglas was an African-Amerian reformer, abolitionist, social reformer, and statesman. After he managed to escape from slavery in maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movemnt. -
Period: to
Cultural Changed
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McCulloh V. Maryland
McCulloch V. Maryland is one of the first and most important supreme court cases on federal powers, in the McCulloch v. Maryland the supreme court stated that Congress had obtained power from those listen in Article I, section 8. The "Necessary and Proper" clause gave congress the power to establish a national bank. -
Temperance Movement
The temperance movement was the first anti-alcohol movement of the United States, the movement grew because of a fervor that grew across the nation from the 1830s and 1840s. Temperance advocates worked to encouraged their fellow Americans to reduce the amount of alcohol that they used. -
Transedentalism
Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s, transcendentalism is the belief that man is at his best when he is independent, and not a part of an organized religion or politics. -
Architecture
Architecture changed in many ways during the 1800s one of the changes was known as the Greek revival which was a style of building that imitated ancient Greek structural forms in search of democratic architectural venacular. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant was the commander of the victorious Union army during the American Civil War, Grant also fought in the Mexican-American Civil War, during the civil war Grant was given command of all U.S. armies. After the war he became a national hero. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine is a U.S. policy towards the western hemisphere, it stated that any colonization attempt in the Americas will be considered a thread to the United States, the policy was mainly established because the United States and Britain feared that Spain would come back and reclaim their former colonies which had recently regained their independence from Spain. -
Henry Clay
Henry was an American lawyer that represented the state of Kentucky in both the United States Senate and the House Of Representatives, in 1824 Clay was hoping to win president but two higher-profile politicians won his position, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. Quincy Adams ended up being elected president and he chose Clay as his secretary of state. -
Presidential Election Of 1824
On February 9, 1825, after the presidential election, the House of Representatives decided that John Quincy Adams was going to win the election under the provision of the Twelfht Amendment, in this election the Democratic-Republican party splintered as four separate candidates sought the presidency. -
Period: to
Age Of Jackson
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Age Of The Common Man
The Age Of The Common man was the name given to Andrew Jacksons time as president because he considered himself a spokesperson for the common man, Jackson also became known as a national hero after he defeated the British in New Orleans, growth expansion and social change rapidly followed the end of this War. -
Election Of 1828
On the election of 1828 John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson ran for office and Andrew Jackson won the election and the democratic party accused John Quincy Adams of enganging in disgraceful politics in order to ensure his victory in the election. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was a lawyer and landowner who became a national hero for the people of the united states after he defeated the British in New Orleans during the war of 1812. After the war Jackson led the U.S. forces in the first Seminole War, He was elected president in 1829 and was named the seventh president of the US. He lived to be 78 years old an died in 1845 of tuberculosis. -
Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion
Nat Turners Slave rebellion was the greatest slave rebellion in the history of the United States, Nat Turner and his men killed 55 to 65 people on their mission to escape, after being in hiding for almos.t two months, the rebellion was effectively suppresed at Belmont Plantation on the early hours of August 23 1831 -
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crises was when South Carolina adopted the ordinance to nullify the tariff act and label them unconstitutional. Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun proposed the tariff of 1833 which was also known as the compromise tariff to help resolve the nullification crisis. -
Trail Of Tears
At the beginning of the 1830s, about 125,000 Native Americans lived on millions of acres of land in Georgia, because of white settlers who wanted to grow cotton on Indian lands the federal government forced them out of their homelands and walk thousands of miles to a designated "indian territory" this event was known as the trail of tears because of the many deaths that happened while traveling across the mississipi river. -
Manifest Destiny
The Manifest Destiny was the largest American settlement expansion in the history of the United States settlers believed that they were destined to expand across America, the event caused the American removal act and a war with Mexico but the settlers managed to spread from coast to coast, the plan was first employed by John L. O'Sullivan in an article on the annexation of Texas. -
Annexation of Texas
The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas and into the united states of America, Texas was annexed because they voluntarily asked f they could be a part of the United States, and the government agreed to annex the nation even thought Mexican leaders had already warned the U.S about declaring war if they tried to make texas a state. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican American War was the first U.S armed conflict fought on foreign soil. It marked a politically divided and military unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S president James K. Polk -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was a congressional proposal done by president Polk the proviso was to not allow slavery into new territories in the country especially if they came from Mexico, this was a result of the Mexican- American war. -
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush began at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California when James W. Marshall found gold near the sacramento valley, this discovey of gold was one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century.After the news of the new discovery made its way across the nation miners from all over the country raveled by land and some even sea to mine in the area. -
Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty was often used to suggest that the citizens of the U.S. were allowed to vote to decide if their state was gonna be free or if it would keep slaves. This concept was associates with politicians like Lewis Cass and Stephen A. Douglas -
Harriett Tubman
Harriet Tubman was famous because she was the conductor of the underground railroad during the 1850s. She was born a slave on Marylands eastern shore, she lived through the brutal beatings and the harsh existence of a field hand, she went back and forth to the south at least 19 times to help her family and hundreds of many other slaves via the underground railroad. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the united states congress on September of 1850, as a part of Henry Clay's compromise of 1850.This bill would authorize local governments to seize and return escaped slaves to their owners and impose penalties to anyone who aided in their flight. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin was an anti-slavery novel written by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe, the book was published in 1852, the book was considered "the most popular novel of our day" even though the novel had many acclaims it also had its detractors. it was banned as abolitionist propaganda in the south. The book is also considered to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War. -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was a self-taught lawyer. legislator and vocal opponent. He was elected the 16th president of the United States. Lincoln proved to be a smart military leader, his emancipation proclamation paved the way for slavery abolition, his Gettysburg address stands as one of the most famous pieces of oratory in American history. In April of 1865, with the union on the verge of victory, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth. -
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Civil War
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Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address was a speech given by Abraham Lincoln dedicated to the Union soldiers killed at the battle of gettysburg during the American Civil War. The speech was held at the national cementary of pensylvania and the speech was dedicated to those who were buried there, the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a huge turning point for human freedom during the war. The Emancipation proclamation suggested that all slaves in the rebellious states "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free" even though the emancipation proclamation didn't free a single slave it still opened up minds and got people thinking about becoming a free country. -
Lincolns 10% Plan
Lincolns blueprint for reconstruction included the 10 percent plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the union. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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Freedmen Bureau
The Freedmen Bureau was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the south in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War. The Freedmen's Bureau provided goods like food, houses, and medical aid built schools and also attempted to settle former slaves in Confederate lands. -
Appomattox Courthouse
The Appomattox Courthouse was the place where General Lee surrendered to the General-in-chief Robert E. Lee and became the official end to the Civil War -
Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln
John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor, and Confederate sympathizer assassinated the president. the atack happened 5 days after general Lee surrendered at the appomattox court house -
13th Amendment
After the Civil War was over The 13th amendment was established to abolish slavery and involuntary servitude, the amendment was ratified on December 6, 1865 the amendment states that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall be duly convicted, shall exist whithin the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction" -
The Lost Cause
The lost cause was when white southerners began to look back on what the south used to be before the civil war and honored southern generals as war heroes and built many monuments to commemorate their deaths and as a way to thank for what they did, also the white people also wanted to protect and maintain everything they had left of their pre-war world -
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
The Ku Klux Klan was made out of white southerners who were against the political and economic equality that was established for black people so the ones in the Ku Klux Klan waged an underground campaign of intimidation directed at white and black republican leaders. -
Grant Administration
The Grant Administration was a series of scandal and federal corruption, the administration was corrupt because Grant was always a political failure because of his few successes during reconstruction. -
The Election Of 1876
The election of 1876 was between Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel Tilden of New York and was known as one of the most unfriendly and most talked about campaigns in America history. -
immigration During The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on immigration in the United States, people came from Italy, Greece and many other eastern European countries, many of the immigrants came to America in search of a greater economic opportunity, and others like the pilgrims came in search for religious freedom.
