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Inventions and Products
One of the most important and productive periods of history was the Industrial Revolution. Many of the inventions made during this time make our every day life possible.The Industrial Revolution was the period of time during the 18th and 19th centuries when the face of industry changed dramatically. These changes had a tremendous and long lasting impact on the economies of the world and the lives of the average person. There were hundreds of inventions during this time period. -
homestead act
the Homestead Act opened up settlement in the western United States, allowing any American, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. By the end of the Civil War, 15,000 homestead claims had been established, and more followed in the postwar years -
John Rockefeller
founder of the Standard Oil Company, became one of the world’s wealthiest men and a major philanthropist. He entered the then fledgling oil business in 1863 by investing in a Cleveland, Ohio, refinery. In 1870, he established Standard Oil, which controlled some 90 percent of U.S. refineries and pipelines. Critics accused Rockefeller of engaging in unethical practices, such as predatory pricing and colluding with railroads to eliminate his competitors in order to gain a monopoly in the industry. -
Transcontinental railroad
In 1862, the Pacific Railroad Act chartered the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific Railroad Companies, and made them build a transcontinental railroad that would link the United States from east to west. Over the next seven years, the two companies would race toward each other from Sacramento, California on the one side and Omaha, Nebraska on the other, struggling against great risks before they met at Promontory, Utah. -
Andrew Carnegie
Between 1865 and 1870 Carnegie made money through investments in several small iron mills and factories. He also traveled throughout England, selling the bonds of small United States railroads and bridge companies. Carnegie began to see that steel was eventually going to replace iron for the manufacture of rails, structural shapes, pipe, and wire. In 1873 he organized a steel rail company. The first steel furnace at Braddock, Pennsylvania, began to roll rails in 1874. -
The Great Upheaval 1886
It started with a 10% pay cut. When leaders of the BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD COMPANY ordered this second reduction in less than eight months, railroad workers in MARTINSBURG, WEST VIRGINIA decided they had had enough. On July 16, 1877, workers in that town drove all the engines into the roundhouse and boldly declared that no train would leave until the owners restored their pay. The local townspeople gathered at the railyard to show their support for the STRIKERS. A great showdown was on. -
Tenements
In the 19th century, many of the more residents of New York’s Lower East Side neighborhood began to move further north, leaving their low-rise masonry row houses behind. At the same time, more and more immigrants began to flow into the city. These groups of new arrivals concentrated themselves on the Lower East Side, moving into row houses that had been converted from single-family dwellings into multiple-apartment tenements, or into new tenement housing built specifically for that purpose. -
Laisezz Faire
a political as well as an economic doctrine. The pervading theory of the 19th century was that the individual, pursuing his own desired ends, would thereby achieve the best results for the society of which he was a part. The function of the state was to maintain order and security and to avoid interference with the initiative of the individual in pursuit of his own desired goals -
Farmers Alliance
A fraternal organization of white farmers and other rural southerners, including teachers, ministers, and physicians, the Farmers' Alliance began in Texas in the mid-1870s and swept across the entire South during the late 1880s. The organization attempted to solve the mounting financial problems of southern farmers by forming cooperative purchasing and marketing enterprises. It advocated a federal farm-credit and marketing scheme called the subtreasury plan. -
Indian Appropriations Act
As people in the United States began migrating west in great numbers in the nineteenth century, the government found itself with a problem on its hands. In order to entice white citizens and immigrants to risk everything they owned to settle in the western territories, the government needed something to offer, so it offered land for a very low price, or completely free. But those lands were already occupied by Native Americans who had lived there for many generations. -
Battle of Little Big horn
the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custeragainst a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Tensions between the two groups had been rising since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. Custer was unaware of the number of Indians fighting under the command of Sitting Bull at Little Bighorn, and his forces were outnumbered and quickly overwhelmed in what became known as Custer’s Last Stand. -
Exodusters
Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century. It was the first general migration of black people following the Civil War. -
Booker T. Washington
In 1881, he founded the Tuskegee Institute, a black school in Alabama devoted to training teachers. Washington was also behind the formation of the National Negro Business League 20 years later, and he served as an adviser to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. Although Washington clashed with other black leaders he is recognized for his educational advancements and attempts to promote economic self-reliance among African Americans. -
Chinese Exclusion act
This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration.Thus very few Chinese could enter the country under the 1882 law.The 1882 exclusion act also placed new requirements on Chinese who had already entered the country. If they left the United States, they had to obtain certifications to re-enter. Congress, moreover, refused State and Federal courts the right to grant citizenship to Chinese resident aliens, although these courts could still deport them. -
Buffalo Wild West Show
William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody opened Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show on May 19, 1883 at Omaha, Nebraska.The earliest antecedent to Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show may actually have been staged in France in the middle of the sixteenth century when fifty Brazilian Indians were brought to Rouen to populate a replica of their village.
Horse shows and menageries with exotic animals had been popular in America since the eighteenth century. -
Spoils system
President Andrew Jackson is often credited with (or criticized for) introducing the "spoils system" as a tool for strengthening the base of his political party. But in 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act,, making a portion of all federal government jobs attainable only through a competitive process that usually began with a written examination—a way of making sure that jobs would be awarded based on merit rather than corruption -
American Federation of labor
The American Federation of Labor was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohio, in December 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association. -
Dawes Severalty Act
The Dawes Severalty Act reversed the long-standing American policy of allowing Indian tribes to maintain their traditional practice of communal use and control of their lands. Instead, the Dawes Act gave the president the power to divide Indian reservations into individual, privately owned plots. The act dictated that men with families would receive 160 acres, single adult men were given 80 acres, and boys received 40 acres. Women received no land. -
William Randolph Hearst
Publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) built his media empire after inheriting the San Francisco Examiner from his father. He challenged New York World publisher Joseph Pulitzer by buying the rival New York Journal, earning attention for his “yellow journalism.” Hearst entered politics at the turn of the century, winning two terms to the U.S. House of Representatives but failing in his bids to become U.S. president and mayor of New York City. -
social darwism
the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform. -
Sherman anti trust act
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts. It was named for Senator John Sherman of Ohio, who was a chairman of the Senate finance committee and the Secretary of the Treasury under President Hayes. Several states had passed similar laws, but they were limited to intrastate businesses. The Sherman Antitrust Act was based on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. -
Silver Act
Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890, passed by the U.S. Congress to supplant the Bland-Allison Act of 1878. It not only required the U.S. government to purchase nearly twice as much silver as before, but also added substantially to the amount of money already in circulation. -
Sherman antitrust act
The Sherman Antitrust Act is a landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law (or "competition law") passed by Congress in 1890 under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. It allowed certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be competitive, and recommended the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts.In the general sense. -
Queen Lilouokalani
Queen Liliuokalani was the last sovereign of the Kamehameha dynasty, which had ruled a unified Hawaiian kingdom since 1810. By the time she took the throne herself in a new Hawaiian constitution had removed much of the monarchy’s powers in favor of an elite class of businessmen and wealthy landowners (many of them American). When Liliuokalani acted to restore these powers, a U.S. military-backed coup deposed her in 1893 and formed a provisional government; Hawaii was declared a republic in 1894. -
Depression of 1893
It was one of the worst in American history with the unemployment rate exceeding ten percent for half a decade. This article describes economic developments in the decades leading up to the depression.It was accompanied by violent strikes, the climax of the Populist and free silver political crusades, the creation of a new political balance, the continuing transformation of the country’s economy, major changes in national policy, and far-reaching social and intellectual developments. -
Pullman Strike
The Pullman Company, owned by George Pullman, manufactured railroad cars, and by 1894 it operated "first class" sleeping cars on almost every one of the nation's major railroads. The Pullman workers, however disagreed, especially after the onset of the economic depression that began in 1893. During that depression, Pullman sought to preserve profits by lowering labor costs. When the firm slashed its work force from 5,500 to 3,300 and cut wages by an average of 25 %, the Pullman workers struck. -
World’s Columbian Exposition 1893
The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 was the first world’s fair held in Chicago. Carving out some 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted’s Jackson Park, the exposition was a major milestone. Congress awarded Chicago the opportunity to host the fair over the other candidate cities of New York, Washington D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri. More than 150,000 people passed through the grounds each day during its six-month run, making it larger than all of the U.S. world’s fairs that preceded it. -
Election of 1896
The United States presidential election of November 3, 1896, saw Republican William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic and complex in American history.The 1896 campaign is often considered by political scientists to be a realigning election that ended the old Third Party System and began the Fourth Party System. -
Klondike gold rush
a migration by about 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon. Gold was discovered there by local miners Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain In all, their equipment weighed close to a ton, which for most had to be carried in stages by themselves. Together with mountainous terrain and cold climate, this meant that those who persisted did not arrive until summer 1898. Once there, they found few opportunities, and many left disappointed. -
Spanish American War
A conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America.The war originated in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain. Spain’s brutally repressive measures to halt the rebellion were graphically portrayed for the U.S. public by several sensational newspapers, and American sympathy for the rebels rose. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was an agreement made in 1898 that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire, especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. -
Philippine American War
Fighting erupted between forces of the United States and those of the Philippine Republic on February 4, 1899, in what became known as the Second Battle of Manila. On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States.The war officially ended on July 2, 1902 with a victory for the United States. However, some Philippine groups—led by veterans of the Katipunan—continued to battle the American forces for several more years. -
Election of 1900
In a re-match of the 1896 race, Republican President William McKinley defeated his Democratic challenger, William Jennings Bryan. McKinley's victory made him the first president to win consecutive re-election since Ulysses S. Grant had accomplished the same feat in 1872.Though some Gold Democrats explored the possibility of a campaign by Admiral George Dewey, Bryan was easily re-nominated at the 1900 Democratic National Convention after Dewey withdrew from the race. -
Boxer Rebellion
In 1900, in what became known as the Boxer Rebellion, a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. The rebels, referred to by Westerners as Boxers because they performed physical exercises they believed would make them able to withstand bullets, killed foreigners and Chinese Christians and destroyed foreign property. -
Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt’s first noted public use of the phrase occurred when he advocated before Congress increasing naval preparation to support the nation’s diplomatic objectives. Earlier, in a letter to a friend, while he was still the governor of New York, Roosevelt cited his fondness for a West African proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” The phrase was also used later by Roosevelt to explain his relations with domestic political leaders. -
Teddy Roosevelt
He was the 26th President of the United States and a proponent of the "New Nationalist" variety of Progressivism. A master of populist rhetoric and public charm, Roosevelt quickly tapped into the widespread fervor for reform. His administration pursued some widely publicized antitrust cases against large companies like Northern Securities and the Swift Beef Trust, but for all his aggressive rhetoric, Roosevelt actually went after fewer monopolies than his successor, William Howard Taft. -
W.E.B DuBois
W. E. B.” Du Bois was was a leading African-American sociologist, writer and activist. He earned fame for the publication of such works as Souls of Black Folk (1903), and was a founding officer of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and editor of its magazine. Dubois also taught at Wilberforce University and Atlanta University, and chaired the Peace Information Center. Shortly before his death, Du Bois settled in Ghana to work on the Encyclopedia Africana. -
Russian Japanese War
Following the Russian rejection of a Japanese plan to divide Manchuria and Korea into spheres of influence, Japan launches a surprise naval attack against Port Arthur, a Russian naval base in China. The Russian fleet was decimated.During the subsequent Russo-Japanese War, Japan won a series of decisive victories over the Russians, who underestimated the military potential of its non-Western opponent. -
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA) is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. -
Great White Fleet
The Great White Fleet was the nickname for the powerful United States Navy battle fleet that completed a journey around the globe .by order of United States President Theodore Roosevelt. Its mission was to make friendly courtesy visits to numerous countries, while displaying America's new naval power to the world.It consisted of 16 battleships divided into two squadrons, along with various escorts.Roosevelt sought to demonstrate growing American martial power and blue-water navy capability. -
Election of 1912
Democratic Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey unseated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and defeated Former President Theodore Roosevelt.Roosevelt had served as president from 1901 to 1909, and Taft had won the 1908 Republican president nomination with Roosevelt's support. Displeased with Taft's actions as president, Roosevelt challenged Taft at the 1912 Republican National Convention. Woodrow won the election. -
Bull Moose Party
Bull Moose Party, formally Progressive Party, U.S. dissident political faction that nominated former president Theodore Roosevelt as its candidate in the presidential election of 1912The group became the Progressive Party the following year and on August 7, 1912, met in convention and nominated Roosevelt for president and Gov. Hiram W. Johnson of California for vice president; it called for revision of the political nominating machinery and an aggressive program of social legislation. -
Federal reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act established the Federal Reserve System as the central bank of the United States to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. The law sets out the purposes, structure, and functions of the System as well as outlines aspects of its operations and accountability. Congress has the power to amend the Federal Reserve Act, which it has done several times over the years. The complete act, as amended, is provided here by section -
18th Amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal. -
Vertical Intergation
vertical integration is a strategy where a company expands its business operations into different steps on the same production path, such as when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor. Vertical integration can help companies reduce costs and improve efficiencies by decreasing transportation expenses and reducing turnaround time, among other advantages. -
Horizontal Integration
the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger. The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market for that product or service. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women’s suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest. Following the convention, the demand for the vote became a centerpiece of the women’s rights movement. Activists, raised public awareness and lobbied the government to grant voting rights to women. After a lengthy battle, these groups finally emerged victorious with the passage of the 19th Amendment. -
American Indian Citizenship
In 1888, most Native American women married to U.S. citizens were conferred with citizenship, and in 1919 Native American veterans of World War I were offered citizenship. In 1924, the Indian Citizenship Act, an all-inclusive act, was passed by Congress. The privileges of citizenship, however, were largely governed by state law, and the right to vote was often denied to Native Americans in the early 20th century. -
Douglas Mac Arthur
Douglas MacArthur was best known for commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific during World War II.After the war, MacArthur took on the task of rebuilding Japan. The country was defeated and in ruins. At first, he helped to provide food for the starving people of Japan out of the armies supplies. He then worked to rebuild the infrastructure and government of Japan. Japan had a new democratic constitution and would eventually grow to become one of the largest economies in the world. -
Treaty Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. Furthermore, the Treaty of Versailles was the Peace Settlement between the Allies and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and started WWII less than 20 years later, because of how harshly it treated Germany and how angry Germans were about this. They forced Germany to admit all guilt for the war and required Germany to pay a large amount of money in reparations to the Allies. -
Sedition Act
The Sedition Act was passed by Congress. The acts were designed by Federalists to limit the power of the opposition Republican Party, but enforcement ended after Thomas Jefferson was elected president. In addition, the Sedition Acts were passed by Congress in preparation for an anticipated war with France. As a result, a Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws.The Federalist majority in Congress passed the Sedition Act. Furthermore, it was set as the only presidential term of John Adams. -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's caused by a terrifying event by either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts. It was also known as "war neurosis" or "combat stress".At the time, doctors soon found that many men suffering the symptoms of shell shock without having even been in the front lines.Many had experienced its symptoms during their military service. -
Gentlemens Agreement
The Gentlemen's Agreement was made by the effort of President Theodore Roosevelt and was an agreement between the United States and Japan in grew tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. In addition, the Gentlemen's Agreement was never written into a law passed by Congress, but was an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. It was nullified by the Immigration Act of 1924, which legally banned all Asians from migrating to the United States. -
Battle of Manilla Bay
The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War. The Battle of Manila Bay defeat the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War. Furthermore, after an explosion sank, the United States declared war with Spain in support of a Cuban rebellion against Spanish colonial rule. Lastly, a U.S. "New Navy" attack on the Spanish fleet in the Philippines occurred. -
Assassination of President Garfield
Tragedy struck the nation’s capital on July 2, 1881, when a drifter named Charles Guiteau shot newly inaugurated President James A. Garfield in the back at a downtown train station. Garfield would cling to life for 80 agonizing days, but a severe infection—most likely brought on by unsanitary medical practices—eventually led to his death. Take a look back at American history’s second presidential assassination and the deranged gunman who pulled the trigger -
Fat man bomb
Little Boy" is the nick name given to the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. The explosion was huge therefore the city was destroyed, and many of people were killed. The bomb was dropped by a plane named the Enola Gay. The bomb was over 10 feet long and weighed around 10,000 pounds. Despite witnessing the terrible destruction of the bomb on Hiroshima, Japan still refused to surrender. In addition, around 30% of the population of Hiroshima were killed. -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was the last major battle in Europe. It resulted in the surrender of the German army and an end to Adolf Hitler's rule.The battle was fought between the German Army and the Soviet Army. The Soviet army outnumbered the Germans. Many of the German soldiers were sick, wounded, or starving. The German army included young boys and old men. The Battle of Berlin resulted in the surrender of the German army and the death of Hitler. The Soviet Union and the Allies won the battle. -
Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference was a meeting held between the United States, Great Britain and Russia. The Yalta Conference was led by the 'Big Three' heads of governments. The purpose of the Yalta Conference was to discuss the surrender and occupation of Nazi Germany, the defeat of Japan and peace plans for the post war world. Furthermore, several agreements reached during the Yalta Conference were broken and led to tensions between the United States and Russia which eventually led to the Cold War. -
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge was the last major Nazi offensive in World War II. Germany's defeat and the end of the war in Europe came at a lower cost in Allied lives than it would have. The Germans lost so many troops and equipment that there was no way their army could launch another attack on Allied forces. The Battle of the Bulge is important because it ruined the German army and ended the war. It was an attempt to push the Allied front line west from northern France to northwestern Belgium too. -
D-Day
D-Day took place on Normandy, France and was code-named Operation Neptune because it involved a water landing by the Allies. It is the largest military operation by sea in history. It consisted of the Allied Forces of Britain, America, Canada, and France attacked German forces on the coast. The Allies attacked and gained a victory that became the turning point for World War II. It was also important because it was the main Allied invasion of continental Europe and allowed Germany to be defeated. -
Internment Camps
Internment camps were similar to prisons since people were forced to move into an area that was surrounded by barbed wire and not allowed to leave. The camps were made because people became paranoid that Japanese-Americans would help Japan against the United States after the Pearl Harbor attack. They were scared that they would sabotage American interests too. Furthermore, this fear did not have any evidence. The people did not do anything wrong and were only put in the camps based on their race -
Battle of Leningrad
The Battle of Leningrad resulted in the deaths of millions of the city's civilians and Red Army defenders. Also, Leningrad was one of the initial targets of the German invasion too. The Germans maintained their siege with a single army, and defending Soviet forces numbered on the German-Soviet front. In addition, by the end of the siege, people are thought to have died from starving to death on Christmas Day. Furthermore, the first German artillery shell fell on Leningrad on September 1st, 1941. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping, and child labor standards affecting full-time and part-time workers in the private sector and in Federal, State, and local governments. The act applies only to employers whose annual sales total $500,000 or more. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 originated in Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. It was a landmark piece of legislation that had a significant impact on the labor movement in the United States. -
Neutrality Acts
The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia. The Neutrality Acts were designed to prevent the United States of America from being in a war. Furthermore, the series of Neutrality Acts imposed embargoes on trading in arms and war materials to any countries at war. The Act prohibited Americans from selling to any country at war too. In addition, the act also required that manufacturers in the had to apply for an export license. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. The Act is one of the most important pieces of legislation in American history. It was passed during the Great Depression and created a variety of programs. For instance, Medicare is insurance and a program to the elderly in paying bills and other health care bills. -
21st Amendment
The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited alcohol. The 21st Amendment to the Constitution was passed and ratified. The 21st amendment was also an admission of the failure of prohibition, which led to people disrespecting the law and criminals to do well selling illegal alcohol to those that wanted it. Repealing the 18th amendment didn't make alcohol completely legal through the entire country. -
Glass Stegall Act
The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited alcohol. The 21st Amendment to the Constitution was passed and ratified. The 21st amendment was also an admission of the failure of prohibition, which led to people disrespecting the law and criminals to do well selling illegal alcohol to those that wanted it. Repealing the 18th amendment didn't make alcohol completely legal through the entire country. -
National Industrial act
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was enacted by Congress in June 16,1933. It was one of the measures by Roosevelt assisted the nation's economic recovery during the Great Depression. The act was a prime New Deal agency established by Roosevelt. The goal was to bring industry, labor, and government together to create codes and set prices. In addition, the Act was a labor law and consumer law passed by the Congress to authorize the President to regulate industry for fair wages. -
Adjustment Act
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was put into place to help farmers out. It helped to improve farming practices, reduced farm production to raise prices, and gave a voice to farmers in the government. The Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers not to grow more than a certain amount of crops. The beef and pork resulting were then distributed. The purpose of the act was to restore agricultural prosperity by limiting farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices -
Civilian Conservation Corps
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried, men from relief families as part of the New Deal. The Civilian Conservation Corps was an innovative federally funded organization that put thousands of Americans to work during the Great Depression on projects with environmental benefits. The Civilian Conservation Corps was one of the most successful New Deal programs of the Great Depression -
20th Amendment
The twentieth amendment gave details on the terms of office for Congress and the President. The 20th Amendment is important because it tried to eliminate presidents and legislators. It was also important because it failed. Before the 20th Amendment, the presidential term and the congressional term both started on March 4 of the year after the election. The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president. -
Election of 1932
The presidential election was held on November 8, 1932. Franklin D. Roosevelt beat Herbert Hoover in the election. Roosevelt's victory would be the first of five successive Democratic presidential wins. The election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic shift in the political alignment of the country. The effects of the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression were serious. The depression and Stock Market were issues of consequence in the campaign. -
Valentines Day Massacrre
In the Valentine's Day Massacre, seven men were killed in a garage on the North side of Chicago and ordered by Al Capone, who was conveniently away in Miami at the time. It was also planned by McGurn and members of the Circus gang, imported hired killers are sent in the Moran warehouse to kill George "Bugs"Moran. This was one of the bloodiest days in mob history when 7 men were gunned down in Chicago. Al "Scarface" Capone rose to power after a rival gang was in mess as a result of the killings. -
Immigration act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed into the United States. The Immigration Act of 1924 was passed in response to political and public opinion calling for restrictions on immigration from South-Eastern Europe following events in the US. One of the most important effects and significance was by using the US 1890 census. As a result, it excluded the foreign-born from South-Eastern Europe from quotas truly proportionate to their new numbers in the population. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States during the administration of Warren G. Harding. During the Teapot Dome scandal, Albert B. Fall was found guilty of accepting a bribe. Fall was the first individual to be convicted of a crime committed while a presidential cabinet member. Many men were associated with the Teapot Dome Scandal and were cabinet members such as Albert B. Fall and Edwin C. Denby, Harry F. Sinclair, Edward L. Doheny and Warren Harding. -
Albert fall
Albert B. Fall. Albert Bacon Fall was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal. His acceptance of bribes for the leases resulted in the scandal. Fall accepted a large bribe to lease to private oil interests, without competitive bidding, naval oil reserve lands in the Teapot Dome reserve. He was convicted of bribery and served nine months of a one-year prison sentence. -
Volstead Act
The Volstead Act provided for the intent of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and is also known as the Prohibition Amendment. Later this act was voided by the Twenty-first amendment. Ultimately, the bill was vetoed by President Woodrow Wilson and it also covered wartime prohibition. Although his veto was overridden by the House on the same day, October 27, 1919, and by the Senate one day later. Furthermore, It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors -
American Expeditionary Force
The U.S. forces that were sent to Europe during World War I were called the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). John J. Pershing commanded the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in Europe during World War I. In addition, Expeditionary Force is a generic name sometimes applied to a military force dispatched to fight in a foreign country. General John Joseph Pershing was designated the supreme commander of the American army in France, and the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) were created. -
The Spanish Flu
The Spanish influenza pandemic killed many people in World War, at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people. It has been known as the most devastating epidemic inworld history. Symptoms include fever, nausea, aches and diarrhea. Dark spots would even appear on the cheeks and people would turn blue since they would be be suffocating. US military researchers refused treatment form the deadly pandemic in 1918 in order to stop the the effects of the flu. Eventually, it came to an end in 1919. -
Espionage Act
The Espionage Act is a United States federal law passed shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. The Espionage Act prohibited individuals from expressing or publishing opinions that would interfere with the U.S. military's efforts to defeat Germany and its allies. Furthermore, the Espionage Act essentially made it a crime for any person to convey information intended to interfere with the U.S. armed forces prosecution of the war effort or to promote the success of the country's enemies. -
Great Migration
The Great Migration had a huge impact on urban life in the United States and was the movement of as many as six million African-Americans relocated to the North and West and occurred between 1916 and 1970. Mass migrations of African Americans occurred several times during the first half of the twentieth century. There have been debates on the causes of it since it began. The Great Migration occurred in the more rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West. -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was a famous political leader and founder of the Black Nationalist movement. His 'Back to Africa' campaign gave him the nickname of the "Black Moses". Furthermore, he became an inspiration to later civil rights activists. His views on separation from white society angered the government too. In addition, his Black Star Line ended in financial disaster and he was arrested on charges of fraud. He spent two years in jail and was deported to Jamaica and then moved to London, England. -
Schleiffen Plan
The Schlieffen Plan was a strategy that Germany had for fighting a war on two sides. One against France and the other Russia.The speed of the German attack was all part of the war strategy called the Schlieffen Plan. Germany hoped to conquer France and Western Europe before the Russians could assemble their army and attack the east. This way Germany would only have to fight at war on one front at a time and it was a plan for a designated attack on France once Russia had started to mobilize. -
Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment was passed as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It demanded seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish American War. An eighth condition came into place that Cuba signed a treaty accepting seven conditions.The Platt Amendment outlined the role of the U.S. in Cuba and the Caribbean too. It also permitted the US to lease or buy lands for the purpose of the establishing naval bases and stations in Cuba. -
Open Door Policy
In 1899, John Hay proposed an Open Door Policy towards China for all countries. The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Furthermore, the Open Door policy is a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900 for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. -
Cross of Gold Speech
The Cross of Gold speech is a political speech said by William Jennings Bryan to the Convention in Chicago on July 9 1896. The advantages of the gold standard are that it limits the power of governments or banks to cause price inflation by excessive issue of money currency. Although there is evidence that even before World War I monetary authorities did not contract the supply of money. Furthermore, part of the speech includes: "You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle of World War II. Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of a city in Russia.The Battle of Stalingrad is considered to have been the turning point in World War II too. The battle at Stalingrad defeated the German army. The Battle for Stalingrad was fought during the winter of 1942 to 1943. Many Germans had died in the fighting and was a great humiliation for Hitler. The battle was the first major German loss during World War II. -
Wagner Act
The Wagner Act was signed by President Roosevelt. The Wagner Act was passed as part of FDR's series of New Deal Programs. Its purpose was to guarantee workers the right to organize Unions. The law set up the National Labor Relations Board. The Wagner Act was significant because it established the rights of employees to organize, join, or assist labor unions and to participate in collective bargaining through their representatives. The act prevented employers engaging in unfair labor practices. -
Paris Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I, to set the peace terms for the defeated Powers.It was signed by King George III and representatives of the US on ended the American Revolutionary War. President Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace. These points were later taken as the basis for peace negotiations at the end of the war. The purpose of the meeting was to establish the terms of the peace after World War -
Communism
Communism is a idea in which wealth and power are shared equally among a classless society and in reality wealth and power are controlled by the state. Communists also tend to have limited personal freedoms due to leaders supported by the military. A single authoritarian party controls both the political and economic systems. Communist also spread to East Asia, largely through the influence of China. Communism spread to North Korea, which led to the Korean War between them and the U.S. -
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TRANSFORMING THE WEST
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BECOMING AN INDUSTRIAL POWER
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Progressive Era
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The 1920s
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World war 1
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World War 2
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The Great depression
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The Gilded Age
