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1725 BCE
Middle Passage and Slavery in the colonies
At this time there was a new part of the triangular trade but it was with slaves.This was a cheap new source of labor in Europe and Britain in particular was the largest trader. The Middle Passage is the route for slaves to go to America and 10% died on the voyage there. South has two parts, Upper south has less plantations and tobacco is less hard. Northerners didn't have vital slavery so there were free slave communities. Slave Rebellions did happen and slaves did keep their culture through it -
Period: 1725 BCE to
Begginings to exploration
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492
Fall of Rome
The fall of rome was a drastic turn of events for Europe. Rome was in control of everything until constant fights against it in different locations caused them to fall and lose. -
500
Dark Ages
This time The "Dark Ages" were a point in time where it seemed like everything was going in reverse. The Catholic Church held power and controlled everything, for example they burned books in order to make people depend on the church and it caused people to become illiterate. -
1291
The Crusades
1095 to 1291 The Crusades were a time where religious massacres had been done against Muslims. It was kinda unsuccessful but it left a legacy of knowledge all around. These were things such as inventions and trade or even military -
1351
The Black Death
Started in 1347 This killed around 40 to 50 percent of people in Europe and caused most bottom class workers to die off so serfs were more expensive. Merchants pop up all round and eventually changes the economy. Rats spread the disease around and around, it causes everything to be infected -
1400
The Renaissance
14th to 16th Century- Ideas were imported from other parts of Europe and art was reintroducing classic realism in sculptures and actual paintings. A great mark of this time was the Printing press made by Johan Gutenberg in 1440, this is what gave the opportunity to spread knowledge with books. The printing press changed Europe and the world, Sort of a bright point of time after the Dark Ages. This was the birth of greats like Leonardo Da Vinci, Donatello, Michelangelo. -
1492
The Colombian Exchange
Many say that the Colombian Exchange started the instance Christopher Columbus landed in the New world. This is the the trade of goods and other things as such between the two worlds. It mostly benefited the Old World considering the fact that the main things colonizers brought was diseases and genocide or slavery to the people. This introduced a whole new wave of crops and fruits, even ideas.This is what encouraged future settlers to want this new land. -
Oct 12, 1492
Exploration
Portugal began maritime commerce first and it was led by "Henry the Navigator". He taught people of caravels and they explored the African coast on a Atlantic expedition in the 1450's . In 1492 Spain was in competition with Portugal for trade so with some hope they sent Christopher Columbus a talented navigator who believed that the quickest way to Asia is westward. They set sail in 1492 and thought he was on India when he got there. Of course we all know about God,gold,glory, the reasons to go. -
European: Beginning of Colonys
France and Spain are the first to the New World and at first Spain focuses on finding the land while changing the natives religion. France actually focuses on fur trade with the natives but they founded New Orleans and explored the Mississippi River. English colonization was late due to dynasty problems within the country but eventually they go to the New World. Roanoke was established by Walter Raleigh and eventually he leaves back home.When Walter comes back,he finds everyone mysteriously gone -
English Colonial Society's
This is a start of places like Plymouth. This is a whole new time period of colonization. -
Virginia
Virginia was at first a private charter from the English crown in 1606, around 105 settlersCame because gold was exaggerated to them and only 32Survived the first winter. John Smith- a soldier and adventurer- started a treaty with the native and established trade.Europeans smoked tobacco and became addicted to it, so it became the nextCash crop.After population was declining,they established the Head right systemWhich granted land to peopleWho wanted it. In the end Virginia became a royal colony -
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English Colonial societys
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Plymouth
Plymouth was a colony established by Puritans from England who were escaping from religious persecution.These people came over on the famous ship we all know today which is the Mayflower.They landed100's of miles north and when they landed in 1620, they made the Mayflower Compact which allowed legal settlement and it set an example for other settlers.Life was hard until they spoke with Squanto which was a Native American man who he and his tribe gave food to the settlers. Settlers depended on it -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massachusetts Bay was established by John Winthrop who picked settlers that could go with him instead of just anybody. He was said to manage the people harshly but it was very efficient. These towns were made around the churches and family was the number one priority to the people. Eventually later on Massachusetts absorbed Maryland into one big colony. -
Maryland
Maryland was established when George Calvert-Lord of Baltimore came and brought people with him.It was named after the king and Cecil Calvert inherited the place when George died.Maryland was known as a religiously free place but the leader had converted to Catholicism. Settlers had to work for their food before any profit was made.This was the start of indentured servants which were people who were brought over for 4-7 years to work off their debts and then roam free.Tobacco became a cash crop -
Caribbean Colonies.
In the Caribbeans, Sugar is known as the lifeblood of the area. When sugar arrived in England,it was used in everywhere and in everything. Sugar is now a cash crop. Another thing that happened was that Holland explored present day New York and established it as New Amsterdam. -
Colonial Problems
Around this time and until the end of the 17th century, there were native wars and attacks for the land.Also at this time Nathaniel Bacon rose up to lead a rebellion and take out the governor who had uneven classes. Tobacco was also being overproduced at the time which lowered the price. Another thing was that there was plenty of fear against Indian raids. Later on, when the rebellion was going down, Nathaniel Bacon died and it just started the whole thing again. -
Quakers
Quakers were known as a society of settlers who were all friends and got their names from earthquakes. The Quakers were led by William Penn, who advertised the whole trip to bring more people in. These Quakers were from England and eventually branched off to make other places like Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, Vermont, and more. -
The First Glorious Revolution and the Salem witch trials.
The Glorious Revolution was the transfer of power in England from James the second in 1688. A year later, the English bill of rights was passed and many ideas from it were like our bill of rights. Things like limited power to the throne and more democracy and human rights. We based our bill of rights off of it. Around February 1692, suspicions of witches were rising due to girls in Salem acting wild at times and eventually it became common so around 200 people were accused and 19 died by trial. -
Navigation Acts and Act of Union (1707)
The Navigation acts limited trade between the English and the dutch with around 3 to 4 acts. The British were coming up and growing so eventually Scotland joined them to become, The United Kingdom of Great Britain. In this empire, Parliament is of highest order. At this point of time the colonies still had localized government and had a Federal system. -
Triangular Trade and Virtual representation
The Triangular Trade was the trade between Britain, Africa, and places in South America. This trade mostly involved ingredients such as sugar and rum. This wasn't the only things that were traded but they were probably the most important. Some things that started trouble in the colonies was that Britain stopped trading with the colonies. This was known as Salutary Neglect. Militias were also formed in the colonies as small military groups that would stop conflicts. -
The American Enlgihtement/ European
At this time reason and science was on the rise and people question old ideas like the bible. Some of the historical figures at the time consisted of Isaac Newton, John Locke, and Benjamin Franklin was perceived as a symbol of enlightenment. The enlightenment also affected Europe with its philosophers. One man named Jacque Rousseau, a philosopher from Geneva who raised political ideas. Another example of this was Adam smith, a Scottish philosopher who caused enlightenment there. -
The Great Awakening
This was more of a individual enlightenment with people gaining knowledge and other people adopting certain ideas. John Edwards was known to scare people into religion and George Whitefield was famous for preaching the gospel and choosing congregations. Another thing was that the religion was adjusted to your choice and people had a voice in society. Also The Native Americans though of Jesus as an example for them due to him suffering. Natives also didn't trade with whites and alcohol. -
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Colonial America
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The Revolution era
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Seven Years war (French and Indian War)
England and France were main fighters.Britain wanted more land but they met with France.France had Fort Duquesne which was a symbol of power.George Washington was actually captured during the siege and it started the war.Britain sends militia called Ohio Company of Virginia but it goes back.Fort William Henry was known as a massacre to the natives.In 1759 the British took Quebec and Montreal was captured in 1760The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1863.This fight was known as a world wide conflict. -
Britain's financial situation and Acts of parliament
After the French and Indian war, Britain is now bankrupt and needs money so they placed the Revenue Act(Sugar Act 1764) and colonists were displeased so they reacted with petitions and public hate. Stamp Act was also placed and it was required on all papers and it was harsh on lawyers and printers mostly. Stamp act Congress was when 9/13 colonies sent representatives to deal with it and protests erupted. -
More Acts of Parliament and Conflicts that arose due to them
Stamp Act Congress had made the Declaratory Act and this made the Stamp Act to be repealed by Parliament.Later on in 1767- the Townshend Act was placed which taxed paper,glass, and paint.The colonists then did the NonImportation movement which boycotted British goods.After they boycotted tea, British military stationed on the coast.Acts later on included Coercive Acts(1774)Closed Port of Boston and forced quartering of troops.Note that this was after the Boston tea party.Prohibitory act later on -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre is known as one of the most historical events to events to lead to the RevolutionA crowd of Bostonian's harassed soldiers and eventually soldiers fired into the crowd. Paul Revere made the colonists look innocent and it was one of the first propaganda. After some time,Parliament repealed the Townshend act and the phrase "No taxation without representation" was born. Always remember that these acts are all causing more and more tension to grow between Britain and the colonies. -
Boston Tea Party
While the Boston Tea Party was known as an amazing act against Britain, it was actually kind of not planned at all. The Boston Tea Party was some drunk Bostonian's who dressed up as Indians and dumped 340 chests of tea into the water. This tea was from the East India Company who had a monopoly on the tea market. -
1st Continental Congress
The Continental Congress is when colonial leaders grouped up and decided to denounce intolerable acts and boycotts were being suggested to the people. One iconic hero was the man Patrick Henry who is known for saying "Give me Liberty or Give me death" At this time, Militias were the colonies primary defense -
Concord & Lexington
Concord wasn't really a battle but it was when the British wanted the Sons of Liberty guns and the midnight rides were born, this was when this whole thing was a myth actually and everything was done in the shadows. The battle of Lexington was when red coats met the militia inn Lexington and someone shot the "shot heard around the world" In Britain the Dun mores Proclamation was made and it allowed slaves to fight for freedom with redcoats. -
The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was sort of the only way to keep going. Thomas Jefferson completed making on July 2nd and it was signed on July fourth.The colonies were looking for European allies and loyalists were also discriminated by being loyal to the crown. They're property was also seized by others. -
Battle of Yorktown and Treaty of Paris 1783
The battle of Yorktown was by the ocean and Americans and the french teamed together and forced the British to surrender. The Treaty of Paris (1783) ended the revolution and U.S is sovereign and independent. This also establishes the northern border and restores loyalists properties. In the end they didn't return them. -
Period: to
Constitution
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Articles of Confederation- how weak it is
The Articles of Confederation was weak at the time and with the country in debt they couldn't force taxes and instead relied on donations. Revolt was happening against the government due to no funds and the economy printed too much money and devalued currency. People were buying with credit and debt was passed around. people also begged for imports from Britain but they were too expensive. -
Problems with the British
At the time, the west was still occupied with British troops in forts and at the same time, the Spanish denied access to the Mississippi.This land was also native to the native Americans. But eventually the U.S just went for it. This expansion was led by Thomas Jefferson and it led questions on what to name the new states and whether they would have slavery and even if it would have local government. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays Rebellion was when a large group of war veterans who were now farmers revolted. They got weapons and were lead by Daniel Shay, after it was put down it made people want to change the articles. This lead the the Constitutional Convention -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was put in place due to new states being admitted to the Union and there was need for a system. This system governs everywhere and at the time they rejected slavery into new land being brought it. -
Constitutional Convention- part 1
The founding fathers met in secret in Philadelphia. The Virginia plan was a plan that was made for large populated states and the larger states would have more votes, The New Jersey plan basically said- one state- one vote The Connecticut plan (Great compromise) was like modern day congress and had a Senate and house of representatives. More issues were brought up like slavery and how to count slaves, the 3/5th compromise was that slaves counted as a fifth of a person. -
Constitutional Convention- part 2
The executive was that 1 man was chosen for 4 years and there were no limits at the time. The judiciary overviews court cases and left things incomplete. At the time Federalists were people who supported the constitution but hated the bill of rights and wanted a checks and balances system. The Anti-Federalists wanted states rights, Bill of rights, and didn't trust the government.. Eventually Constitution is the law of the land and the Bill of Rights was also written in by James Madison. -
Election of 1788
This was the first election and of course George Washington wins and is perceived as a deity due to the revolutionary war. The Vice President was John Adams due to no running mates at the time and him winning second place.The First cabinet was based off of the prime ministers systems. Another thing that happened in 1789 awas the the 3 tier system of courts was placed and District is the smallest, Circuit is the next and supreme court being the biggest one. -
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The New Republic
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Whiskey rebellion
This was the first test of power to the Nation. This rebellion was led by Pennsylvania and Kentucky farmers. Whiskey was economically viable and it caused anger to rise up when it was harshly taxed so the farmers revolted. 6,000 people threatened to attack Pittsburgh with arms and Washington and his army showed up with 12,000 troops which scared them away and this really proved how good Washington and the constitution was. This ended in 1794 -
Bank of the United States
The Bank of the United states was made by Alexander Hamilton and it was used as a depository and for a way people can just pull out loans. It was though of as a way to stabilize the economy and it also included private investors who used it to make profit. Washington approved it but questions like if it was constitutional were raised. This divided america a bit and personal attacks were rising. -
Bill of Rights
These were ratified at a later time. The Bill of rights is known as the first ten amendments in the constitution.These amendments were made to protect basic human rights. 1.Freedom of speech,religion,press 2.Right to bear arms 3.Quartering of soldiers in time of peace 4.No unjustified search and seizures. 5. no double jeopardy 6.right to speedy trial 7.right to jury 8.no excessive bail 9.rights are kept by the people 10.other rights can also be granted by the states. -
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The American Industrial Revolution
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International conflicts (New Republic)
At the time, the French Revolution was happening due to famine and the U.S stopped liking it due to radical actions.With us still trading with France we made a treaty with Britain known as Jays treat which made British vacate the forts in U,S and it made republicans mad. Spain still having Mississippi lead us to make {Pickneys Treaty} this gave us access to Mississippi and new Orleans, and it set the boundary in Florida. It benefited the relationship between both countries. -
Election of 1796
George Washington wrote his farewell address because he didn't want to serve a 3rd term so the focus shone upon Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. John Adams won and this left Jefferson to be Vice President. The French actually hated Adams for being a Federalist who traded with the British. -
Adams Presidency
The XYZ affair happened because Jays treaty was causing problems .With limited french trade, we decided to give France a Public apology and a $10 million loan but word got out of the secrecy of this and there was undeclared naval war.The Alien and Sedition acts made it harder to become U.S Citizen and it deported immigrants. The sedition acts alone made it a crime to say bad things about the president and the U.S. -
Election of 1800
Around this time, Napoleon wanted a treaty with america but there was some tension rising among federalists if it was a good idea. Adams was seen as weak and the party turned to Jefferson. Jefferson wins but he ties with Aaron burr so the House of representatives deals with it. Hamilton does deal and persuades them to pick Jefferson.The 12th amendment later on changes the running mate thing. -
Jefferson Administration
Jefferson wanted a smaller government and was interested into the west. The Louisiana purchase was when Jefferson bought Louisiana and territories beyond it. This lead to Jefferson paying 10 million dollars and being seen as a hypocrite and either way he sent Lewis and Clark to bring back things from the territories and scope out the land.They also made treaty's with the natives. Jefferson's other priority was to get rid of states debt and calm tensions down with other countries. -
Nature ( Cultural Changes)
At this time there were new ideas coming in to better the U.S. Of course there were things in nature that needed to be preserved or created. Parks were starting to be made and cemeteries were made to honor the dead. Most importantly there were cemeteries for soldiers that were related to the U.S Government and its army. -
Hamilton Vs Burr
Alexander Hamilton is known to be the leader of the Federalists at the time and Aaron Burr is known as his rival. Aaron Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and Burr ended up winning so Hamilton died a day later. This left the Federalist party to slowly fade away and weaken due to no leader. -
The American Industrial Revolution
This actually started around the 1790,s but picked up later on. The Industrial revolution was a time of innovation and advancement. Many thought of this as a way to move past the older times and go into a new era of technology. -
Technological Benefits from the War of 1812
Many things came from the war of 1812. One thing that,s probably the most important is the Cotton Gin which brought back slavery due to it making cotton picking around 20x faster. This made the Cotton market more and more viable. Steam Engines were also being developed and mass production was becoming big also but this is all part of the American Industrial Revolution which happens later on. -
War of 1812
The U.S was pushed to war by the British shooting down the U.S.S Chesepaeke. The U.S had a strategy to stay on land due to the British forces controlling their most powerful Navy. The British beat back the U.S from Canada and wanted to attack Washington but everything ended at the Battle of New Orleans which ended the war. The war ended as a draw and it seemed pointless. Later on the Hartford Convention was a gathering of federalists and they wanted to repeal the 3/5th s compromise. -
McCullough Vs Maryland
This was a Landmark case for the Supreme Court of the United States, it implied powers. State government cannot take the place of the federal government. Also the south had more radical views now. -
Panic of 1819
There was a economic boom after the war which made the prices collapse in the year 1819. The banks started to fail and the economy went into a tailspin. It was one of the worse depressions in U.S History. -
Missouri Crisis
This started when Missouri applied for admission to the U.S as a slave state. The North was a against this while the South was for it.This raised the questions on if new states were to be applied then would they be free or slave. This was later "resolved with the Missouri Compromise. -
The Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was the solution to the Missouri Crisis, it was made to balance states between them having slaves or being free.The solution was that there was a imaginary line at 36, 30 latitude and states above it will be free and of course states below would have slaves. -
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Changing Culture
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Age of the Common Man
At this time, a new culture was spreading around and it was a sense of being american.There were problems with universal suffrage, white males not having enough land. These people were known as the common man and they mostly recognized Davy Crockett and Andrew Jackson as role models. -
Election of 1824
There were 4 candidates, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, and Henry Clay. Jackson wins the popular vote from the people but Adams wins the house. The Corrupt Bargain was when Clay actually spoke to the House and he convinced them to pick Adams. This was widely spread due to Jackson and his followers being very bitter. -
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The Age of Jackson
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Adams Presidency
Adams and Henry Clay start to support the American system. This system is all about Industry, Tariffs, New National Bank, and internal improvements all around instead of politics. Jackson starts to attack Adams publicly. -
Election of 1828
This time around, Jackson has a new strategy publicly speaks about his origins and his career in the military. He becomes more relate-able to the people. Second Party System founded the Democratic Party and now the party attacks with terms like womanizers. Jackson is called a jackass and thus comes the mascot of the donkey and he is known as old hickory. Jackson wins but right after his wife dies before the inauguration and it leavers him with sorrow. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was known as a secret set of passages so African Americans can escape from slavery. These passages included safe houses, whites hiding fugitives, and running and sneaking around at night. Harriet Tubman is known as a historical figure at this time due to her freeing 100,000 slaves from 1830 to 1860.She did a total of 19 trips from the north and back. These trips increased later in the 1850's due to the fugitive slave act. -
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Westward Expansion
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Slavery (Industrial Revolution)
Slavery was declining until the Cotton Gin brought it right back. There were two sides in the south, the Upper south had easier lives for the slaves and the master was seen as a protector. The Lower south had a more strict community that punished the slaves more. They also had richer soil so in the end most of the upper south slaves were sold to the lower half. Nat Turners rebellion got men and killed whites. Nat Turners rebellion created tensions among owners to watch slaves and be harsher -
Changes In Transportation
Roads are starting to be made around cities as quicker ways of moving around. Steam boats became a big thing due to canals that were being made. They were ways to move large amounts of shipments. Railroads were also being made to transport good across the land. -
Jackson's Administration
Jackson used the spoils system which means he gave jobs and ran his cabinet with friends and others. Later on the Nullification Crisis arose which was when congress raised import taxes with the tariff act of 1832. The south wants to nullify it but eventually the south is put down by threats from the presidency. Jackson later on does the Indian Removal act of 1830 due to him disliking Native Americans. Territories were decided to see where they would live. -
Changes in Communication
The telegraph was one of the biggest ways of communication due to it being instantaneous. With the telegraph being around, it made printing prices lower since communication was being passed around like that. -
Changes in agriculture
One of the biggest contributions to agriculture at the time was made by John Deere who made the Iron Plow. Another invention that also helped was crank churns which made butter quicker and easier. The biggest of all inventions was the Cotton Gin which increased slavery drastically. -
Temperance Movement
This was the movement against alcohol consumption everywhere due to the great amounts that was consumed and made. There were protests from people to add laws against it. Most of the protests came from wives of the men who were constantly consuming. -
Slavery (Changes in the Culture)
A term for people who wanted to end slavery was Abolitionist, Abolitionists wanted to free the slaves and send them back to Africa at the time. Abolitionists were not popular to most because most people were okay with slavery. Of course with this there is the birth of anti abolitionists who set out to denounce abolitionists and their movements. At one point there was a official rule that didn't allow congress to speak of abolition. John C Calhoun was also a man who pushed to the north and south. -
Free Black Communities (Industrial Revolution)
Free Black communities were places where of course African American people could live to avoid slavery. These places were mostly located in the north due to more lenient polices. There were still some in the south but they often faced more racism and hatred from white southerners. -
Labor Changes (Industrial revolution)
There were factory's that started to hire women at the time in order to make use of everyone, this was known as the Waltham system. The places where they worked were called Lowell mills. All of these ideas are coming from the base of mass production, this came to be do to textiles being a good market. -
Election of 1840
After the Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren decided to run again and he went against William Henry Harrison. Harrison takes Jackson's moves and plays as the common man or like common Whig. Whigs spread rumors about Van Buren. Harrison wins but he dies after a month and John Tyler becomes president. -
Texas (Westward Expansion)
Texas was claimed by Mexico after Mexico had gained independence and wanted to expand north. Mexico adopted the Ranchero system and it let farmers and important people go there and expand. In the end nobody would go besides wealthy family's so they invited whites to go in.Moses Austin makes land grants which gives people land for money. there were laws like to be Catholic, Mexican citizenship, and learn Spanish. Mexico started to split so Antonio Lopez de Santa Ann took over as a dictator. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest destiny is known as the belief of the U.S extending all they way to the west. A coast to coast expanding. This migration starts in Oregon which takes 5 to 6 months to get there and this harsh trail is known as the Oregon Trail. Mormons were discriminated for having different ways of living so they migrated to the west. Brigham Young was known as the savior or the leader of the Mormons. He was known for saving the Mormons from their problems. -
Immigration (Industrial Revolution)
Immigration was huge and all around from the Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians. These people came looking for a new life of opportunity and usually ended up getting into agriculture. At the time racism was starting to rise against these people, even though they were white, they were considered lower people. The potato famine was a huge thing to the Irish and was one of the main reasons for migration. -
Transcendentalism (Cultural Changes in the U.S)
This whole thing was a time where old philosophy were testified and brought down with knowledge. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a lecturer and philosopher who led the movement of transcendentalism. This movement brought out people like Herman Melville and Fredrick Douglas. One of the most famous people was Edgar Allen Poe who was a known writer. -
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Sectionalism
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Mexican American War
With the Election of 1844 Texas is in debate between John Tyler Whig and James K Polk Democrat. Polk only goes for 1 term and wants to annex Texas and he does it before inauguration.The war is fought in Palo Alto, Vera Cruz, San Pasqual, and Mexico City. Mexico City was one of the most important because it was when the U.S raided mexico's city and took control.This war brought out many important figures like Robert E Lee,Ulysses S Grant, George McClellan.War ends with Treat of Guadalupe Hidalgo. -
Western Frontier
With this huge amount of land open now, there were tons of Fur traders going in and making riches. This caused a whole lot of Border disputes with the Natives and the Mexicans. Fur Traders and Trappers took so many animals that they almost made some go extinct like beavers. -
Seneca Falls Convention (Suffrage)
This was the absolute first woman rights convention and it was mostly described to the public as a civil rights discussion for women.This convention as it says was held in Seneca Falls and it showed the birth of woman rights activists. Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leading person of these movements due to her being a abolitionist and a activist around the community -
Millennialism
This is when Shakers and Mormons (Religious Groups) were becoming bigger. The Mormons where led by Joseph Smith who actually wrote the book of the Mormons and another man that was big at the time was William Miller, he was a baptist preacher who led the Millerites who believed that the second coming of Christ was upon them. -
California Gold Rush
The Gold Rush was a time where gold is found in California and people migrated by the thousands to the point where 100,000 people went there.This place was just a territory in the year 1848 but quickly became a state in 1850.Gold eventually became hard to find in 1852due to nomore being on the surface.Chinese were migrating for economic opportunity and they did the worst work.There was hope for a slow population increase and eventually "popular will" decided whether to have slavery or not. -
Compromise of 1850
Zach Taylor was in favor of the people choosing whether to have slavery or not but angry southerners (fire eaters) don t like the northern aggression and used secession as a threat. Henry Clay came up with a compromise that would make California free, New Mexico divided in 2, Texas border,New fugitive slave laws. Zach Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore takes control.The Compromise of 1850 is in play and its just Henry's plan but in 5 bills.California is now free and New Mexico and Utah can decide. -
Election of 1852
This election was won by Franklin Pierce who was a democrat and the loser was winfield Scott who was a Whig. Franklin won due to his party having majority all around. There Whigs were dying out and eventually ended later on. Pierce promotes territorial expansion and democracy which makes him popular to the public eye. -
Problems and Solutions in Kansas
The Kansas-Nebraska act was when southerners were afraid of 2 new free states. The south wants to abolish Missouri compromise. This led to the 36, 30 degree rule to get repealed so popular sovereignty is in play and Kansas is a slave state while Nebraska is free. Another thing was "bleeding Kansas" which was when abolitionists financed settlement and Pro slavery people recruited illegal voters and won election. This led to Kansas to have 2 governments and for the problem to go to congress. -
Birth of Republicans
Republicans were formed after the Whigs had died off due to the election of 1852. This party consisted of Free spoilers, Whigs, and Anti slavery Democrats. This party was growing more and more due to the new amounts of states coming in. -
Industrialization (North) vs Agriculture (south)
In the North, industrialization was huge with inventions like the steam engine and many more ideas in the workplace. The north had a majority of industrialization and East-West railroads connect trade between places quickly and waterways connect the North and South. Food is also efficient.The south had small industrialization but a dominion on the Cotton Market.They also had slavery which was bringing in income from the free labor. One thing that it important is that is has competent leadership. -
Election of 1860
At this time Democrats are split up with John Bell and John Breckenridge but the Republicans have Abraham Lincoln who had little political enemies Lincoln moderates his approach to slavery with conditioning towards it .Lincoln wins and the South is angry so secession rally's come up and eventually South Carolina was the first to leave. Lincoln wants to stop it with Crittenden Compromise which is just the Compromise of 1850.Jefferson Davis becomes president of the South. FT Sumter calls it. -
Advantages of the North and disadvantages
North has a population advantage with 22 million people and its industrialization payed off with having over 110,000 factory's. The North was running a 1.5 Billion industry with 97 percent of weapons being manufactured there, 94 percent on clothing, and railroads that are 30,000 miles in total length.This side believed in holding the Union. Problems were that Leaders are horrible and no one is really qualified. Also there was really bad morale around the army. -
Advantages of the South and Disadvantages
The south compared themselves to the 13 colonies as if they were fighting the great evil Britain. The south didn't have many things in their favor but the advantage they did have was one of the most important and that is that they had amazing military leadership. The south authorized a navy but it was very weak and their financial situation was horrible. The south hoped to gain Britain as an ally that could secure the win. -
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Civil War
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Battles of the Civil War( Bull run 1 and 2)
The Battle of Bull run was in 1861 in Virginia and it was a Union Loss. It was the First major battle with 30,000 Union troops(Army of the Potomac). Union flees to D.C and Lincoln brings in George McClellan. Took 3 weeks too long to get ready so they lose the second battle of Bull Run. The war started to become about the slaves and the state of their freedom. Slaves allowed to fight on 1862. -
Trent Affair(Civil War)
With the South trying to get assistance from Britain they send diplomats but the USS San Jacinto intercepts which ruins the treaty. The south puts the cotton embargo which causes tensions from Britain and France to arise. Britain demands apology from North and Lincoln denies but releases diplomats and they make neutrality with Britain. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln was saying that the war was mostly about preserving the Union and its ideals. Eventually the Emancipation Proclamation came around and that was when Lincoln declared the slaves to be free as of January 1 and it made the war focus to be about slaves and their freedom. This caused southerners to get even more mad. -
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War and is the bloodiest battle. It happened in 3 days. Day 1 the confederates advance on Union, Day 2 there is a back and forth, Day 3 Union devastates a charge up the center by the confederates.Lee retreats and Lincoln gives the most famous speech known as the Gettysburg address.After this Vicksburg happens and General grant wins this major battle. -
Southern White life in Reconstruction times
One really big thing that people hated were carpetbaggers. Carpetbaggers were people from the north who went to the south to seize economic opportunity. Also whites who supported the north but were in the south were considered Scalawags. There was also corruption everywhere like elections that are manipulated by black votes and governments often used bribery. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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Life for Former Slaves
This agency was actually made before the war ended.The Freedman's Bureau was a relief agency for blacks and it provided food,schools, and emergency services to them. Another promise to slaves who fight in the war was that they would get 40 acres and a mule to help them out. Freedom amendments such as the 13th,14th,and 15th abolished slavery and made African Americans a little more equal in society. 13th abolished it, 14th made them citizens and 15th let men vote. -
Appomattox Courthouse
This was when Richmond starved out Lee and his army so eventually they meet at Appomattox and Lee is forced to surrender. All confederates surrender by late June. Over 650,000 Americans died over the course of the war. -
Lincoln after the Civil War
With no security service or any sort of protection at all, Lincoln goes to see a play and this was 5 days after Appomattox when John Wilkes Booth comes behind Lincoln and shoots him. Wilkes Booth is hunted down and killed in days. -
White resistance (KKK) (Enforcement Acts)
Whites who hated Africans Americans banded together to make groups against them. These groups included upper and lower class whites. The KKK (Ku Klux Klan) was one of the worst and killed and tortured Blacks everywhere. President Grant steps in with the enforcement acts and uses law against these groups. Eventually some people came around known as the redeemers which their main goal was to take down radical republicans. -
Plans for Reconstruction
At the time there were 2 plans for reconstruction of the south. Lincolns 10% plan was going to pardon all southerners except officers and officials.They had to take an oath of loyalty and apply for Federal recognition. And new state governments would be placedTheDavis Bill made by radical republicans was made to be harsh on the south and punish and demolish the slavery society. There would be an oath, officers have no citizenship, and states readmitted.This was actually thought of 3 years before -
Election of 1868
Ulysses S Grant wins this and the political moderation is in peace also Haratio Seymour was the democrat candidate.There were scandals against Grant administration. Grant didn't have control over the cabinet and even Grant tried interfering in state affairs in the south with military but is forced to leave. -
The New South(Lost Cause)
The south was looking for ways to justify the war so they made themselves look brave and that the union was with unfair advantages. The south engaged in propaganda such as teaching kids that they were right in the cause. Statues,Poems,Songs about confederates and by confederates.The south also had a economic boom at the time so eventually the north invested in the south. -
Panic of 1873
The Panic of 1873 was one of the worst recession to happen and caused economics to go down the drain. It was known as the "Great Depression" Until the 1930's came by and set the standard for those times. -
Jim Crow laws in society
Jim Crow was originally a man who would dress up with black face and make fun of African Americans. These shows were very popular in the south and spread everywhere. It was a social and a legal system of segregation. Voter disenfranchisement became huge and it was when whites would scare off or force blacks of with violence or taxes.
