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300
Roman Empire
In 300ce the Roman Empire dominated the world. Dance became divorced from Poetry, because of the cultural diversity. -
Period: 500 to Sep 19, 1400
Middle Ages (Medieval)
500-15th century
nobles, peasants, aristocrats and commonfolk all participated in community dances held in the streets, castle halls, and town squares throughout Europe (ductia, stantipes, estampie, basse danse, round, carol, moresca, dance of death, etc. for entertainment and recretation reasons. -
Sep 19, 1393
Bal des Ardents
moresca performance that almost claimed the live of King Charles VI of France -
Sep 19, 1400
origin of the word "ballet"
Italian origin derived from the verb ballare, which means to dance. -
Sep 19, 1400
Domenico of Piacenza
wrote the first surviving European treatise on dancing -
Sep 24, 1489
Dinner Ballet
Italian ballet produced by Bergonzio di Botto at a banquet celebrating the marriage of the duke of Milan - based on classical mythology -
Period: Sep 20, 1500 to
Renaissance
16th/17th century popular dances incorporated into ballets: pavane, galliard, courante, volta, sarabande. ballet flourished in France due to artistic developments in Italy (source of its arts) the barre was introduced - support for intricate dance steps and facilitate learning 17th century - use of proscenium theatres -
Sep 20, 1570
Academie de Musique et de la Poesie
founded by poet Jean-Antoine de Baif and composer Thibault de Courville. wanted to revive poerty, music, and dance of the ancient world. Inspired Le Ballet Comique with their publicized theories -
Period: Sep 20, 1570 to
women choreographers - mid 16th/17th centuries
16th/17th century Leonora Rica, Germana Ortiz, Ana de Medina, Josefa de Cespedes, Juana Valentin de Medina, Felipa de San Fransicsa (must be married) most from Spain -
Oct 15, 1581
Ballet Comique de la Reine
ballet production for royal entertainment at wedding; choreographed by Balthasar de Beaujoyeux in Paris, France. very symbolic. 1st attempt at an extended choreographic spectacle (6hrs) -
Orchesographie
dance manuel written by Thoinot Arbeau. Set standards of etiquette/behavior and linked art and manners as well as discussing popular dances..form is written dialogue -
Nobilta di Dame
written by Fabritio Caroso, extremely useful document containing examples of complete choreographed dances as well as offering advice on etiquette and various social situations. (what to do when.... and how to react) -
allegory
symbolic meaning through formations - triangles = justice, square w/in square = virtuous design, 3 circles conjoined = truth known.. choreographic patterns of letters/words, etc. -
professional entertainers/dancers
1630 and onward professional entertainers were hired and their number continued to increase due to complex choreography -
masques
King Charles I played leading roles in some masques (aristocratic entertainment where poetic recitations, songs, and dance including allegorial stage patterns) Purcell outgrew this phenomena by his grotesque and fantastical dances occuring in operas between 1689-1695. -
Period: to
Pierre Beauchamps
dancing master, taught King Louis XIV stressed fundamentals of ballet
created 5 foot positions of ballet -
Ballet de la Felicite
ballet performance celebrating the birth of King Louis XIV -
Period: to
King Louis XIV
advocate of dance, designed Paris into little stages, very expressive and lavish: every action became a dramatic event/occurrence. Apollonian belief stopped dancing in 1670 due to age and critiques by spectators. Cardinal Mazarih tutored him and stressed dance lessons over grammar lessons several collaborators:
poet Isaac de Benserade created scenarios
Jean Berain designed scenery & costumes (shiny and reflective) -
Comedia dell' arte
began in Italy Influenced French ballet comedy during the mid 16th century and onward. popular form of drama required versatile artists (sing, dance, act, play instruments) -
haute ecole
horse ballets -
Sun King
King Louis XIV's first performance at age 15, ballet in France. Portrayed the sun king and was a living embodiment of his performance/role -
Period: to
Jean Baptiset Lully
wrote musical scores for court ballets comedian, dancer, and composer in France originally from Florence composed works for King Louis XIV dancer known for musical ability his theatrical productions were hybrids: operas included ballet/dance and ballets included singing/poetic verse -
Academie Royale de Danse
founded by King Louis XIV -
Academie Royale de Muisque - Paris Opera Ballet
founded by King Louis XIV known today as Paris Opera Ballet and is oldest still existing ballet establishment first professional dancers got their start here -
Pomone
Academie Royale de Musique's inaugural prodcution Opera staged on a converted tennis court -
Le Triomphe de l'Amour
choreographed by Lully starred Mile de La Fontaine -
Period: to
Mile de La Fontaine
famed ballet dancer performing at the Opera Paris known for leading role in the ballet Le Triomphe de l'Amour which named her the 1st prima ballerina beginning of professional ballet danced Lully's choreography -
Dido and Aeneas
opera composed by Purcell and choreographed by Josias Priest premiering at a boarding school run by Priest -
Opera Ballet
1700's new theatrical form simialr/related to ballet a' entree: detachable scenes (acts) of singing, dance, & stage effects -
Choregraphie, ou l'Art de Decrire la Dance
detailed dance notation system published by Feuillet influenced by Beauchamps. very popular throughout Europe but later disregarded due to difficulty/complexitity of ballet steps -
Rise of the Star Dancer
well trained dancers from Paris Opera Ballet School.
individuals achieved fame for their personal style:
John Ballon-good looks/technique
Louis Dupre-majestic presence/'god of dance' -
ballet d'action and ballet a entree
ballet d'action- form of ballet emphasizing unity and drama aimed at dramatic coherence and consision, choreographer acquired creative power - artistic autonomy of dance ballet a entree- form similar to opera ballet/court ballet episodic/acts of serious and fantastical likned by theme emphasized variety and display, choreographer worked with playwright/composer for creative power -
minuet
most popular ballroom dance during the 18th century -
Period: to
categories of dance styles in 18th century
technique developed rapidly - balletgoers appreciated complicated feats of virtuosity & favored qualities of grace, elegance, nobility
18th century dancers shaped their steps and gestures to serve as imaages of states/feeling
danse noble - highest most noble form, serious & dignified, hero from history/mythology
-demi character livelier, extroverted dancing, techinically agile and portrayed everyday people
-comique grotesque, rough in manner & genuinely charming, played comic/rustic roles -
Paris Opera Ballet School
saw the rise of the star dancer ensured well-trained dancers would always be available -
Franciose Prevost - Les Caracteres de la Danse
female dancer and choreographer
most famous work Les Caracteres de la Danse 1715 - suite of solos
brilliant light, precise dancer with dramatic flair
achieved stardom -
The Loves of Mars and Venus
ballet staged in London choreographed by John Weaver, ambitious production, earliest ballet to convey its dramatic content entirely through movement without the use of speech/song -
Vestris
Gaetan Vestris, pupil of Louis Dupre, dancer whom dominated Paris Opera and nicknamed 'god of dance'. noble style, virtuous Auguste Vestris, Gaetan's son, demi character style, famed for jumps and turns -
Marie Salle
dancer symbolizing dance as an expression if inward feeling, pupil of Prevost, encouraged costume/staging reforms to replicate characters, quiet, reserved, portrayed specific dramatic characters as convincingly as possible -
Hippolyte et Aricie
Bellet composed by Jean Phillippe Rameau.. his first created staged at Paris Opera, made him famous overnight -
Les Indes Galantes
best known work (opera ballet) composed by Rameau exemplified the curiosity about foreign, exotic lands and people.
dancing flower garden and erupting volcano each scene was a love story taking place in a different corner of the world -
Marie Camargo
dancer personifying dance as beauty of outward form, pupil of Prevost, worldy, known for technical abilities, took on men's roles, shortened lenght of skirt to show off techniqie in footwork -
Les Fetes Chinolses
Paris Opera, ballet on Chinese themes by Noverre. Chinese culture was so exotic and popular at the time -
Jean Georges Noverre
ballet master and director, leading advocate of ballet d' action, staged ballets throughout Europe. published Letters on Dancing and Ballets - study on dance aesthetics argued ballets shoudl be unified and coherent works of art ballets were psychological realism appointed director of the fine company in Stuttgart. -
Letters on Dancing in Ballets
published by Noverre, influentical book on dance aesthetics, ballet should be a unified work of art where all aspects of production contribute to the main theme, banned heeled shoes/bulky skirts as they obstructed movement -
The Whims of Cupid and the Ballet Master
Royal Danish Ballet - Copenhagen
created by Vincenzo Galeotti (pupil of Angiolini)
oldest surviving complete ballet - still being performed today
comic choreography -
Pierre Gardel
ballet master of Paris Opera
choreographer with beliefs of ballet d' action (unity/dramatic coherence)
staged various genres - comedy, mythology, heroic, etc -
Flore et Zephyre
most celebrated ballet by Charles Didelot, gave illusion of flight using suspension wires (very beginning to intro of pointe)