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In 300ce the Roman Empire dominated the world. Dance became divorced from Poetry, because of the cultural diversity.
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500-15th century
nobles, peasants, aristocrats and commonfolk all participated in community dances held in the streets, castle halls, and town squares throughout Europe (ductia, stantipes, estampie, basse danse, round, carol, moresca, dance of death, etc. for entertainment and recretation reasons. -
moresca performance that almost claimed the live of King Charles VI of France
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Italian origin derived from the verb ballare, which means to dance.
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wrote the first surviving European treatise on dancing
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Italian ballet produced by Bergonzio di Botto at a banquet celebrating the marriage of the duke of Milan - based on classical mythology
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16th/17th century popular dances incorporated into ballets: pavane, galliard, courante, volta, sarabande. ballet flourished in France due to artistic developments in Italy (source of its arts) the barre was introduced - support for intricate dance steps and facilitate learning 17th century - use of proscenium theatres
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founded by poet Jean-Antoine de Baif and composer Thibault de Courville. wanted to revive poerty, music, and dance of the ancient world. Inspired Le Ballet Comique with their publicized theories
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16th/17th century Leonora Rica, Germana Ortiz, Ana de Medina, Josefa de Cespedes, Juana Valentin de Medina, Felipa de San Fransicsa (must be married) most from Spain
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ballet production for royal entertainment at wedding; choreographed by Balthasar de Beaujoyeux in Paris, France. very symbolic. 1st attempt at an extended choreographic spectacle (6hrs)
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dance manuel written by Thoinot Arbeau. Set standards of etiquette/behavior and linked art and manners as well as discussing popular dances..form is written dialogue
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written by Fabritio Caroso, extremely useful document containing examples of complete choreographed dances as well as offering advice on etiquette and various social situations. (what to do when.... and how to react)
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symbolic meaning through formations - triangles = justice, square w/in square = virtuous design, 3 circles conjoined = truth known.. choreographic patterns of letters/words, etc.
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1630 and onward professional entertainers were hired and their number continued to increase due to complex choreography
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King Charles I played leading roles in some masques (aristocratic entertainment where poetic recitations, songs, and dance including allegorial stage patterns) Purcell outgrew this phenomena by his grotesque and fantastical dances occuring in operas between 1689-1695.
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dancing master, taught King Louis XIV stressed fundamentals of ballet
created 5 foot positions of ballet -
ballet performance celebrating the birth of King Louis XIV
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advocate of dance, designed Paris into little stages, very expressive and lavish: every action became a dramatic event/occurrence. Apollonian belief stopped dancing in 1670 due to age and critiques by spectators. Cardinal Mazarih tutored him and stressed dance lessons over grammar lessons several collaborators:
poet Isaac de Benserade created scenarios
Jean Berain designed scenery & costumes (shiny and reflective) -
began in Italy Influenced French ballet comedy during the mid 16th century and onward. popular form of drama required versatile artists (sing, dance, act, play instruments)
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horse ballets
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King Louis XIV's first performance at age 15, ballet in France. Portrayed the sun king and was a living embodiment of his performance/role
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wrote musical scores for court ballets comedian, dancer, and composer in France originally from Florence composed works for King Louis XIV dancer known for musical ability his theatrical productions were hybrids: operas included ballet/dance and ballets included singing/poetic verse
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founded by King Louis XIV
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founded by King Louis XIV known today as Paris Opera Ballet and is oldest still existing ballet establishment first professional dancers got their start here
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Academie Royale de Musique's inaugural prodcution Opera staged on a converted tennis court
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choreographed by Lully starred Mile de La Fontaine
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famed ballet dancer performing at the Opera Paris known for leading role in the ballet Le Triomphe de l'Amour which named her the 1st prima ballerina beginning of professional ballet danced Lully's choreography
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opera composed by Purcell and choreographed by Josias Priest premiering at a boarding school run by Priest
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1700's new theatrical form simialr/related to ballet a' entree: detachable scenes (acts) of singing, dance, & stage effects
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detailed dance notation system published by Feuillet influenced by Beauchamps. very popular throughout Europe but later disregarded due to difficulty/complexitity of ballet steps
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well trained dancers from Paris Opera Ballet School.
individuals achieved fame for their personal style:
John Ballon-good looks/technique
Louis Dupre-majestic presence/'god of dance' -
ballet d'action- form of ballet emphasizing unity and drama aimed at dramatic coherence and consision, choreographer acquired creative power - artistic autonomy of dance ballet a entree- form similar to opera ballet/court ballet episodic/acts of serious and fantastical likned by theme emphasized variety and display, choreographer worked with playwright/composer for creative power
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most popular ballroom dance during the 18th century
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technique developed rapidly - balletgoers appreciated complicated feats of virtuosity & favored qualities of grace, elegance, nobility
18th century dancers shaped their steps and gestures to serve as imaages of states/feeling
danse noble - highest most noble form, serious & dignified, hero from history/mythology
-demi character livelier, extroverted dancing, techinically agile and portrayed everyday people
-comique grotesque, rough in manner & genuinely charming, played comic/rustic roles -
saw the rise of the star dancer ensured well-trained dancers would always be available
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female dancer and choreographer
most famous work Les Caracteres de la Danse 1715 - suite of solos
brilliant light, precise dancer with dramatic flair
achieved stardom -
ballet staged in London choreographed by John Weaver, ambitious production, earliest ballet to convey its dramatic content entirely through movement without the use of speech/song
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Gaetan Vestris, pupil of Louis Dupre, dancer whom dominated Paris Opera and nicknamed 'god of dance'. noble style, virtuous Auguste Vestris, Gaetan's son, demi character style, famed for jumps and turns
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dancer symbolizing dance as an expression if inward feeling, pupil of Prevost, encouraged costume/staging reforms to replicate characters, quiet, reserved, portrayed specific dramatic characters as convincingly as possible
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Bellet composed by Jean Phillippe Rameau.. his first created staged at Paris Opera, made him famous overnight
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best known work (opera ballet) composed by Rameau exemplified the curiosity about foreign, exotic lands and people.
dancing flower garden and erupting volcano each scene was a love story taking place in a different corner of the world -
dancer personifying dance as beauty of outward form, pupil of Prevost, worldy, known for technical abilities, took on men's roles, shortened lenght of skirt to show off techniqie in footwork
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Paris Opera, ballet on Chinese themes by Noverre. Chinese culture was so exotic and popular at the time
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ballet master and director, leading advocate of ballet d' action, staged ballets throughout Europe. published Letters on Dancing and Ballets - study on dance aesthetics argued ballets shoudl be unified and coherent works of art ballets were psychological realism appointed director of the fine company in Stuttgart.
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published by Noverre, influentical book on dance aesthetics, ballet should be a unified work of art where all aspects of production contribute to the main theme, banned heeled shoes/bulky skirts as they obstructed movement
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Royal Danish Ballet - Copenhagen
created by Vincenzo Galeotti (pupil of Angiolini)
oldest surviving complete ballet - still being performed today
comic choreography -
ballet master of Paris Opera
choreographer with beliefs of ballet d' action (unity/dramatic coherence)
staged various genres - comedy, mythology, heroic, etc -
most celebrated ballet by Charles Didelot, gave illusion of flight using suspension wires (very beginning to intro of pointe)