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The Crusader army of Simon IV de Montfort defeated the Catharist, Aragonese and Catalan forces of Peter II of Aragon, at Muret near Toulouse.
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Alfonso X of Castile and James I of Aragón signed the Treaty of Almizra which meant that Murcia remained part of Castile.
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Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power.
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Although the "Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica" could be said to have started as a questionable and extraordinary from jure state in 1297, its de facto existence began in 1324 when, called by their allies of the Judicate di Arborea in the course of war with the Republic of Pisa, James II seized the Pisan territories in the former states of Cagliari and Gallura and asserted his papally approved title.
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It was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities.
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A pogrom is a violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews.
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Ferdinand of Antequera was chosen to be the king.
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He took Naples on June 2, 1442, and transferred his court there permanently in 1443.
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The Catalan Civil War, also called the Catalonian Civil War or the War against John II, was a civil war in the Principality of Catalonia, then belonging to the Crown of Aragon, between 1462 and 1472. The two factions, the royalists who supported John II of Aragon and the Catalan constitutionalists (Catalanists, pactists, and foralists), disputed the extent of royal rights in Catalonia. The French entered the war at times on the side on John II and at times with the Catalans.
