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American School for the Deaf
The first school for children with disabilities anywhere in the western hemisphere. It was founded by Thomas Hopkins, Dr. Mason Cogswell, and Laurent Clerc. This became the first school in history to backed by the federal government and even received funding. In the beginning they only had 7 students compared to now which they have over 6000 graduates. -
Council for Exceptional Children
The CEC is an organization that weas founded to help improve the education for students with disabilities. The CEC set out to improve state and national policies that affect children with disabilities and even help their parents as well. They even helped establish the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. -
Classification of Autism
Dr. Leo Kanner of Johns Hopkins Hospital was the first to use autism in modern times. He studied 11 children who all showed the same characteristics to which he described as “autistic aloneness” and “insistence on sameness”. Many believed these were forms of schizophrenia and it was not until the 1960s where autism was officially classified as a separate syndrome. -
National Association for Retarded Citizens
https://thearc.org/about-us/history/ The “Arc” which they are known as supported the passage of stage and federal legislation for the people who suffer from disabilities. They launched a network of state and local chapters that range from small groups to large organizations. They were able to grow up to 1500 members and over 224,000 volunteers. The Arc is still active to this day and even plays a role in modern times. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This court case was to fight for the children whether having a disability or not, could benefit from free education. They believed not having free education would impact the child developing in a negative way. They fought for children to be able to learn basic skills such as self-care. The ruling was any laws restricting kids from 6-21 of free education was unconstitutional and brought about free education all children. -
Section 504
Section 504 is an anti- discrimination civil right that ensures the needs of students with disabilities are met as sufficiently such as students without are met. To be covered under 504 you must be between 3 and 22 years old and must have a disability. To be classified as having a disability you must posses either a mental or physical deficiency that limits one or more major life activity and there has to be record of this. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
The EAHCA mandated all public schools that received funding to provide education and one free meal a day to children with a physical and mental disability. The schools were required to evaluate children with disabilities and create a personalized educational plan including the parents’ input. These plans would try to mimic the education of students without disabilities. This led to achieving major goals for students with disabilities. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This law prohibits the discrimination towards people with disabilities in all areas of public life including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public/private places. This is to make sure that individuals with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. This act also helped introduced auxiliary aid in schools which assists students with hearing, vision, or speech disability. -
No Child Left Behind Act
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNzOmgGXXuI) This was passed President George W. Bush and it supported “standard- based education reform” which is setting high standards and creating goals that will improve the outcome of individual students. The act required to create education based on basic skills. This affected schools and teachers because they had to realize the importance of the education system. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
This act is a continuation of No Child Left Behind Act, it modified some of the basics of it but it kept the standardized testing requirements. It gave control to the states in determining the basis for students. The ESSA also set new requirements for students with disabilities, where they are excluded from participation in this state tests. There was also a rule to help prevent bullying and harassment to students with disabilities.
