-
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN
A fundamental document proclaiming liberty, equality, and fraternity. It established rights for men but excluded women, influencing future democratic movements worldwide. -
BEGINNING OF THE ESTATES GENERAL
King Louis XVI convened the Estates General to address France’s financial crisis. The Third Estate later declared itself the National Assembly, sparking revolutionary change. -
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE
The Bastille, symbolizing royal tyranny, was stormed by revolutionaries. This marked the French Revolution’s beginning, spreading radical ideas and challenging the monarchy’s power. -
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN AND THE CITIZEN
Olympe de Gouges demanded gender equality, challenging male-dominated rights. Her feminist manifesto led to her execution during the Reign of Terror. -
EXECUTION OF LUIS XVI
King Louis XVI was convicted of treason and guillotined. His execution symbolized the monarchy’s fall and intensified revolutionary radicalism. -
Period: to
THE TERROR
Robespierre’s radical government executed thousands via guillotine. Fear and political purges dominated France until his downfall in 1794, ending this brutal revolutionary phase. -
COUP DÉTAT OF THERMIDOR
Robespierre and his allies were arrested and executed. This ended the Reign of Terror, shifting France toward moderate rule and diminishing radical Jacobin influence. -
Period: to
THE DIRECTORY
A five-member government struggling with corruption, economic issues, and instability. It was overthrown by Napoleon’s Brumaire coup, paving the way for his rule. -
COUP DÉTAT OF BRUMAIRE
Napoleon overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the Consulate. This marked the end of the French Revolution and his rise as France’s leader. -
Period: to
THE CONSULATE
Napoleon ruled as First Consul, stabilizing France through reforms. This period ended with him declaring himself Emperor in 1804, consolidating power. -
Period: to
THE EMPIRE
Napoleon crowned himself Emperor, expanding France’s dominance through wars. His reign ended with his abdication in 1814 and the failed 1815 comeback. -
BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ
Napoleon’s greatest victory, defeating Russian and Austrian forces. His strategic brilliance at Austerlitz solidified France’s dominance in Europe, weakening the Third Coalition. -
CONGRESS of VIENNA
European leaders met to make peace after Napoleon's wars. They wanted to keep a balance of power in Europe. 1814-1815 -
Luis XVIII, king of France
He ruled France from 1814 to 1824, except during Napoleon's return in 1815. He tried to mix royal rule with some freedoms from the Revolution. -
Period: to
EXILE IN ELBA
After abdicating, Napoleon was exiled to Elba. He later escaped, returned to France, and ruled for 100 days before his final defeat. -
BATTLE OF WATERLOO
Napoleon’s army was defeated by British and Prussian forces, ending his rule. He was captured and exiled to Saint Helena, never returning. -
Period: to
EXILE IN ST. HELENA
Napoleon was sent to remote Saint Helena, spending six years under British supervision until his death in 1821, marking his definitive end. -
DEATH OF NAPOLEON
Napoleon died in exile on Saint Helena, likely from stomach cancer. His legacy shaped European history, inspiring future military and political leaders. -
Charles X, king of France
He was king from 1824 to 1830 and wanted to restore strong royal power. His unpopular decisions led to the July Revolution, and he fled to England. -
INDEPENDENCE OF GREECE
Greece started a war of independence against the Ottoman Empire in 1821. After years of fighting, it became an independent country in 1830, with help from Britain, France, and Russia. -
INDEPENDENCE of BELGUIM
In August 1830, Belgium rose up against Dutch rule. It declared independence in October 1830, and became a neutral, independent country.