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Children in prehistoric societies were likely integrated into daily life of hunter-gatherer societies and learning essential survival skills from a young age. -
In ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, and Rome, children were often seen as extensions of their parents and were expected to contribute to family labor. Infanticide and child abandonment were practiced in some cultures due to resource constraints or societal norms. -
During the medieval period in Europe, childhood began to be recognized as a distinct phase of life with increased vulnerability. However, children were still expected to work and contribute to the household. the perception and treatment of childhood underwent significant changes, reflecting the evolving societal attitudes and circumstances of the time. -
Enlightenment philosophers like Rousseau emphasized the innate innocence and potential of children. The Industrial Revolution brought significant societal changes. Child labor became widespread in factories and mines, highlighting the harsh reality faced by many children. Reformers like Charles Dickens advocated for improved child welfare.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a key figure of the Enlightenment, was born. His ideas would later influence the perception of childhood as a time of innocence and potential. -
Rousseau published "Emile, or On Education," emphasizing the importance of nurturing and education in childhood. -
The Factory Act in the United Kingdom was passed, introducing some regulations to improve working conditions for children in factories. -
Horace Mann, an American educational reformer, promoted the idea of public education and the importance of education for children's development. -
The Progressive Era in the United States saw increased attention to child labor issues, eventually leading to the implementation of child labor laws. -
Early 20th Century:
Child labor laws gained momentum in many industrialized nations, aiming to protect children. Mid-20th Century:
After World War II, a shift towards child-centered values emerged in many Western societies, influenced by economic growth and a desire to provide a better life for the next generation. Late 20th Century:
The field of developmental psychology gained prominence, contributing to a deeper understanding of childhood development and the importance of early experiences. -
The 1924 Geneva Declaration stated that humanity “owes to the Child the best that it has to give.” The fundamental needs of children were summarised in five points. The document discussed the well-being of children and recognised their right to development, assistance, relief and protection. -
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations, recognized the importance of safeguarding children's rights and welfare. -
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted, setting out a comprehensive framework for the protection and well-being of children. -
Contemporary times, childhood is widely recognized as a unique and formative period in a person's life. Efforts to protect children's rights, provide quality education, and ensure their well-being continue to evolve on a global scale.
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The 21st century began with a continued focus on children's rights, as countries worked to implement and enforce the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).
Advances in technology led to increased concerns about children's online safety, privacy, and exposure to potentially harmful content.