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The 38th Parallel was the name given to the latitude 38 degrees north that separates North and South Korea in Eastern Asia, as well as it established the boundaries of Soviet Union (North) and American (South) occupation zones. Following the end of WII, the Japanese forces that had infiltrated the then and now divided Korea were led to surrender to the respective influence/power of said occupational zones. The division stopped the soviets from furthering their influence to the south.
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The Red Scare was a period of time that followed WWII where hysteria ran throughout the United States due to the threat communism posed. The Red Scare is commonly linked with McCarthyism, which Joseph McCarthy's practice that highly supported the Red Scare. It caused for stereotypes, prejudices, and accusations to increase throughout the nation, elevating the paranoia among people as they'd suspect people around them were secretly communist, also it promoted the fear of communism and anarchism.
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The Marshall Plan was a 4 year American plan and program (named after the Secretary of State George C. Marshall) that provided at least $13 billion to help reconstruct cities, which took economic and physical damage. An additional goal to the economic redevelopment was also to stop the spread of communism in Europe. The Marshall Plan helped to restore Western economy that took quite the hit after WWII, as well as diminish the communist influence. Also, U.S. influence and role in Europe grew.
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This was the first big conflict of the Cold War and a big win for for the United States and the other western powers as they had been able to disturb and ruin the Soviet Union's effort to block off the western powers' influence, access, and to get them to abandon their jurisdictions after WWII). Thankfully, the Berlin Airlift was successful in disrupting the Soviet's plan - however, Germany's economy did took quite a hit due to the blockade and it took a while for it to recover.
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The Berlin Blockade was the Soviet Union's attempt at interfering and limiting the abilities of the western powers (United States, Britain, France) from traveling to parts of Berlin. They blocked off rail, road, and canal access to Western Berlin, leaving about 2.5 million civilians without access to food and other basic needs. The western powers implemented an airlift that lasted about a year where they delivered supplies and relief to the affected parts of Berlin.
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance between more than 30 European and North American countries. It was created to provide security, defense and protection to Europe and North America against the Soviet Union, enabling them to cooperate in defense and military operations. NATO was able to unify and strengthen the Western powers - Europe and North America - by providing defense and protection to its members and fighting against international threats (Soviet Union).
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Due to the provocations, disturbances, and actions of the Soviet Union, including the explosion of an atomic device in 1949, the United States began to develop a project that entailed creating the first ever hydrogen bomb. The development and use of this bomb was quite controversial, especially since it followed the use of the atomic bombs that ended WWII. The U.S.'s hydrogen bomb project and the consequent use of the bomb made, made it the world's first ever thermonuclear weapon.
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The Geneva Conference began to take place in April of 1954, where parties including China, the USSR, France, and others had a goal to settle issues that came as a result from the Korean War and First Indochina War. The conference led to the peace accords being signed in July, which entailed that the French were to withdraw their troops from northern Vietnam and Vietnam would become an independent nation after it'd be temporarily divided for 2 years. Also Cambodia and Laos gained independence.
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The battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought between French and the Vietnamese during the Indochina War, which acted as a turning point in the war as well as the decisive factor as the Vietnamese not only won the battle, but also put an end to the 8 year long war. The French were fighting to take Vietnam back as one of its colonies, whereas Vietnam was fighting for its independence.
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The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful operation financed and directed by the U.S. government that took place on the southwestern coast by about 1,500 Cuban exiles who were opposed to Fidel Castro. The goal of the operation was to overthrow Castro and prevent the establishment of a communist government Unfortunately, the invaders were outnumbered by Fidel's troops and surrendered about 24 hours of fighting - most were shot and killed and rounded up then imprisoned.
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The Berlin Wall was built to separate the ideologically divided Germany(1961- 1989) - dividing western and eastern Germany. Eastern Germany was one of the Soviet's most significant states and had socialist policies that led to many problems, which then also resulted with dissatisfaction among the population of Eastern Germany. On November 9, 1989, the destruction of the Berlin Wall began as thousands of people gathered in a mass protest, which took a couple years to completely demolish.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis was about a month long event that included a military and political standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union over the installation of Soviet nuclear-armed missiles that had been set on Cuba, which was about 90 miles from U.S. shore. After the tense discussion and standoff, both parties "secretly" agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba and Turkey - put in by U.S. This conflict was the moment that both superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.
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As 2 unprovoked attacks by north Vietnamese torpedo boats on destroyers that were apart of the U.S.'s 7th fleet, led to Congress passing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 2 days later that allowed the president at the time (Johnson) to repel any armed attacks against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression by North Vietnam's communist government. It's because of this resolution that the United States had a more direct involvement in Vietnam and in the war.
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The Tet Offensive was a major escalation and one of the biggest military campaigns of the Vietnam War; it was a coordinated series of attacks on more than 100 cities and outposts launched by North Vietnam on South Vietnam. It was an attempt to stir up trouble and rebellion in South Vietnam, as well as get the U.S. to reduce its involvement in the Vietnam War. The Tet Offensive negatively affected the United States as it played a big role in weakening U.S. public support in the Vietnam War.
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The My Lai Massacre was one of the most horrific incidents that was committed against unarmed civilians during the Vietnam War by a company of American soldiers. They brutally killed most of the people in the village of My Lai (like children, women, old men). The massacre caused for outrage to erupt among people; acting as a turning point in people's opinions of America, the deteriorating behavior of American soldiers undermined the moral argument about needing "to save Vietnam from communism."
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The Kent State shooting was the killing of 4 and the injuring of 9 Kent State University students by the Ohio National Guard, as they had fired into a crowd of Kent State demonstrators. This left quite the impact as it caused for students to go on strike nationwide - also causing for hundreds of schools to close. The shootings act as a symbol that represents the political and social divide that was evidently present during the era of the Vietnam War, also impacting national politics at the time.
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The Pentagon Papers, or officially named Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force, was the U.S. Department of Defense history of its involvement (political and military) in Vietnam. The Pentagon Papers were leaked by Daniel Ellsberg and they revealed that the United States had expanded its war with the bombing of Cambodia and Laos, as well as coastal raids on North Vietnam, and Marine Corps attacks, to none were reported by American media.
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The Paris Peace Accords was a treaty that established the end to the Vietnam War and peace in Vietnam. With this treaty, the United States agreed to withdraw its troops and dismantling its bases. In return, North Vietnam released all American and other prisoners of war. The parties involved in signing the treaty are the United States, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and Viet Cong. The treaty was effective in removing the United States from the conflict in Vietnam.
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The War Powers Act or Resolution is a federal law that limits the president's ability to initiate or engage in any military actions abroad. The Act requires that the president notify U.S. congress, as well as it doesn't allow the president to deploy troops unless Congress declares war or the U.S. is under attack. It was passed to provide a set of procedures for both the president and Congress to follow in situations where U.S. forces must be used abroad that may lead to the involvement in war.
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The Fall of Saigon (aka: Liberation of Saigon) was the capture of the capital of South Vietnam, Saigon, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the Viet Cong. The South Vietnamese forces had fallen under the rapid advancement of the North Vietnamese forces, which led to South Vietnam surrendering to the communist North Vietnam, bringing an end to the long war. Not only did the capture of Saigon bring an end to the war, but it was also the start to the reunification of Vietnam under Communist Rule
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