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Yalta Conference
U.S. President Frankin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin made big decision, which had a massive impact on the Cold War, at the Yalta Conference. Their decisions included:
-The Soviet Union was enter war against Japan.
- Germany should assume some responsibility for reparations following the war.
- Free elections in Eastern Europe.
- France will have a zone of occupation in the defeated Germany. -
Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill delievered a speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, USA. The main reasons for giving his speech were for argueing about having a closer relationship between Great Britian and the United States, to warn people about the expansionistic policies of the Soviet Union and to create a political, ideological and military barrier to seal off the Eastern and Central Europe from any open contact made by the West. -
'Truman Doctrine'
U.S. President Harry Truman established that the U.S. would help all democratic nations under threat from authoritarian forces. They would help these nations by providing political, military and economic assistance. Truman also asked that the Congress would support the Greek Government against the Communist and that the Congress would provide assistance for Turkey.
All of this and more was declared during a speech which is now known as the Truman Doctrine. -
The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was an American Program to aid Europe by helping them rebuild Europes war-devestated region, remove trade barriers, amke Europe proosperous and modernise industry. To do this, the U.S. gave monetary support to Europe.
The quickly spreading communism came into affect as well. The Americans wanted to stop the spread of them and it was another reason they put the plan together.
The plan was developed on the 7th of April 1948 and only lasted for four years. -
Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade was the one of the first major international crisis during the Cold War. The Soviet union decided that in order to gain control over the entrie city they would block all railway, road and canal access to sectors of Berlin under allied control from the Western allies. The events that led up to the blockade were; the institution of the Marshall Plan, the London Conferences, for spring and winter, and the resultant London Recovery. This was ended on the 12th of May, 1949. -
Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift was organised to carry supplies to the people of West Berlin. This was after the Soviets bolcked railway, road and canal access to Western allies from sectors of Berlin under allied control. In a year, there was over 200,000 flight that flew to drop of supplies to the people of West Berlin.
The success of this procedure was a major embarrasment to the Soviets. -
NATO
NATO stands for The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was formed because the Soviet Union were gaining too much control and something needed to be done.
A formal alliance was formed between the territories of Northern America and Europe.
The main purpose of this organisation was to defend one another from the communist Soviet Union invading and taking control of their country. -
The East and The West
In 1949, Berlin divided into the German Federal Republic (East Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (West Germany).
It was then decided that Eastern Europe would be denied access into East Germany, although West Germany was not forbidden access.
The two sides were quickly separated in their lifestyles. The East was known as the poorer side and many of the East Germans fled it for that reason, approx one sixth. This happened before East Germany started to put up a barbed wire fence. -
ANZUS Pact
The ANZUS (Australian, New Zealand, United States Secruity Treaty) Pact was a military alliance between three countries; New Zealand, Australia and the U.S. The main agreement within the treaty was:
'The parties will consult together whenever, in the opinion of any one of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened in the Pacific.'
Article III of the ANZUS Treaty, 1951
It was signed in San Francisco, Calfornia on September 1st 1951. -
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Unions way of responding to West Germany joining NATO, being offically introduced in May 1955. It was dominated by the Soviets and throught the Pact they made tanks, guns and aircraft. They made young men and women serve in respect for the countries military.
At the meeting in Warsaw, which is the reason for being called the Warsaw Pact, each member pledged that if another member got attacked they would be their to defend them. -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was constructed by the German Democratic Republic, more commonly known as East Germany. It was built in order to kept the East Germans in, because one sixth of the population had already fled from the East to the West. It acted like a barrier, it had guard towers at the opening in the walls so they could have thorough searches within the cars. The rules were very strict. you weren't allowed to take a picture of any military structures or bases. -
Destruction of the Berlin Wall
On the 9th of Novmber1989, Gunter Schabowski announced that the borders are now open and people may cross them freely. This came as a shock to many people but shortly after, the shock was replaced by joy and excitement. Once this was announced people, from both sides of Germany, started to destroy the wall. Chipping at it until there was nothing but many small pieces left. People celebrated the walls destruction all over the world.
On the 3rd of October 1990, Germany became one again.
