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1959 - USSR support Tibet's rebellion
1960 - Soviet experts + atomic bomb prototype removed from China
1962 - USSR support India in border dispute with China
1962 - USSR do not inform CH of missiles on Cuba CH - criticised Khrushchev for being unwilling to use nuclear weapons + removing nuclear missiles in Cuba -
Direct line of Communication established post CMC
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Signed August 5th, in effect October 10th -- signed by USA, GB, USSR
Banned Nuclear Testing in the atmosphere, outer space and underwater (not underground as too hard to detect) -
MAD - Mutually Assured Destruction - High Cost for USSR + desire for peaceful coexistence
Conciliation with USSR for USA
Asymmetrical Disarmament + Security Dilemma = hinders disarmament Gen. Leon Johnson's Report - estimated fatalities at 93M for US and 140M for USSR -
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Project 596 - conducted at Lop Nur test site
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Malinovsky suggests Chinese should get rid of Mao
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Operation to bomb NV to impact economy, yet this was not effective as industry was in places where USSR and China frequently resupplied NV with weaponry
643k tonnes of bombs dropped on NV - 700k tonnes dropped on SV -
By July 1965 - 75k sent to Vietnam
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US,UK,USSR signed - Established grounds for space exploration and actions in outer space
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Increasing domestic anti-Vietnam war sentiments lead to a march including 100k attendees
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Dubcek replaced Novotny in Jan 68 to manage limited reform and stabilise Czechoslovakia
April 1968 - Action Programme outlining Czechoslovak way to Socialism - freedoms of speech, press, movement, focus on consumers goods, freedom of enterprise, increased autonomy for Slovaks, recognition of unions Warsaw Letter - 5 WP states warned CZS challenges to socialist movement would not be tolerated
50k WP troops invaded Czechoslovakia 20-21 August 1969 - Dubcek arrested and replaced by Gustav Husak -
100s simultaneous Vietcong attacks launched in South Vietnam
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US troops - kill over 350 villagers
Lt William Calley - charged with murder after events come to light
increased discontent with US in Vietnam involvement -
Effective 5th March 1970 - 3 Pillars : Non-proliferation, disarmament, peaceful use of nuclear energy
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Freedom to determine own version of Communist but WP has right to intervene if integrity of socialism is damaged
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Republican Party Rep - wanted "peace with honour" in Vietnam - ensuring SV remained independent and non-communist
Vietnamisation - bombing of NV and more funding of SV forces such as updated M-16 rifle.
ARVN increased in size from 82k in 1968 to 1 million in 1970 -
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USA hoped to pressurise NV into accepting peace in this way. 1970 - USA commit 20k ground troops to Cambodia after Khmer Rouge began gaining support
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USA provided air support to ARVN invasion of Laos. USA banned US Congress from sending ground troops since Cambodian incursion.
Only 30k ARVN attacked and quickly withdrew - North gaining upper hand -
Banned placement of nuclear weapons on the ocean floor beyond a 12-mile (22.2 km) coastal zone.
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X July - Visits Beijing in discussion of Sino-American relations
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Kissinger visits again X October 1071 to prepare for Nixon's visit to PRC
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North Vietnamese Offensive - 8000 ARVN casualties (5 times fewer than NV)
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ABM - limitation of anti-ballistic missile weaponry
Limited number of ICBMs, SLBMs and ABMs BUT no limits on MIRVs and new weapons