Cold War - Enquiry 1, 2 & 3

By letiziac

  • The Yalta Conference

    Roosevelt, Churchill Stalin
    Objectives:
    US UK - reconstruction of Germany, world economic recontruction (world bank), no spheres of influence, UN
    USSR - keep Germany weak, economi reconstruction of the USSR, spheres of influence
    Agreements:
    - Germany Berlin to be split into 4 zones between the US, UK, USSR France
    - UN would be formed
    - USSR would gain land from Poland
    Significance: High point of cooperation

  • The Potsdam Conference

    Truman, Attlee Stalin
    Agreements:
    - USSR would receive $20 million in reparations from germany
    - Japan would be given an ultimatum
    - Germany would be demilitarised, denazified, and decentralised
    Significance: the different visions of the post-war world between the UK UK and the USSR became clear

  • Atomic bombs dropped on Japan

    'Little boy' and 'Fat man' were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing over 120,000 people
  • Period: to

    The Cold War

  • Kennan's Long Telegram

    George Kennan, an American diplomat in Moscow, sent a lengthy telegram to Washington D.C
    He said that:
    - Stalin was paranoid that the West wanted to destroy communism, and in turn he wanted to destroy capitalism
    - In a crisis, the USSR would back down

  • The Novikov Telegram

    Nikolai Novikov, a Soviet diplomat in Washington D.C, send a telegram to Moscow
    He said:
    - The US wanted to use their military power to establish global supremacy
    - USSR needed to secure its buffer zone

  • The Iron Curtain Speech

    Winston Churchill gave a speech in the US saying that Europe had been divided into Eastern and Western blocs
    Stalin responded with his own speech 10 days later establishing the USSR to be peacefully seeking Eastern European allies

  • The Truman Doctrine

    Truman announced his policy of containment and officialised it by sending $400 million to Greece and Turkey to protect them from communism

  • Cominform

    • Stalin set up the political organisation Cominform as a response to the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.
    • It included the USSR and the communist parties of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, France and Italy
    • The members had to take orders from Moscow and to cut contact with the west

  • The Marshall Plan

    as an extention of the truman doctrine, $13.5 billion would be given to 16 european countries over 5 years to rebuilt them after the war on the condition that they spent some of it on US goods
  • Period: to

    The Berlin Blockade & Airlift

    • In response to the creation of Trizonia and the Deutschemark, Stalin blocked routes used by the US, UK and france to West Berlin
    • The west carried out the Berlin Airlift to fly supplies in to West Berlin, delivering thousand of tonnes of goods
    • He lifted this in May 1949 due to countermeasures imposed by the west such as a trade ban on Eastern European countries

  • Federal Republic of Germany

    3 days after the end of the Berlin Blokade, the west turned their zones into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) aka West Germany, lead by Konrad Adenaur

  • Trizonia and the Deutschemark

    • The US, UK and France combined their zones of occupation in Berlin to form Trizonia
    • They also introduced a new currency to create economic stability - the Deutschemark
    • This directly caused Stalin to impose the Berlin Blockade

  • German Democratic Republic

    The USSR turned its zone in Germany into the German Democratic Republic (GDR) aka East Germany

  • NATO created

    The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
    Members:
    US
    UK
    France
    Belgium
    Luxembourg
    Netherlands
    Norway
    Iceland
    Denmark
    Portugal
    Italy
    Canada
    Article 5 - An attack against one member nation will be considered an attack against all member nations

  • Sino-Soviet alliance

    China and the USSR formed a military alliance
    This was a turning point for the Cold War because it shifted it from Europe to the world and made Japan crucial to the containment of communism of the east

  • NSC-68

    Review of US strategic objectives and priorities
    - Containment
    - Expansion of military power

  • Stalin died

    Stalin was succeeded by Krushchev

  • West Germany admitted to NATO

    Directly caused the creation of the Warsaw Pact

  • The Warsaw Pact created

    Members:
    USSR
    Poland
    Czechoslovakia
    Hungary
    Romania
    Bulgaria
    Albania
    East Germany
    Article 4 = NATO's Article 5