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Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th president of the United States over a deeply divided Democratic Party, becoming the first Republican to win the presidency.
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When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States
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On January 10 1861 the delegates formally adopted the Ordinance of Secession which declared that the nation of Florida had withdrawn from the American union. Florida was the third state to secede following South Carolina and Mississippi
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Tennessee held firm against separation, while West Tennessee returned an equally heavy majority
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Sanitary reform within the military and hospitals improved soldiers' health and increased their chances of survival after being wounded
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The Confederate victory gave the South a surge of confidence and shocked many in the North, who realized the war would not be won as easily as they had hoped.
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Civil War Breaks Out Like many people at the time, McClellan opposed the outright abolition of slavery, though he was committed to the preservation of the Union
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The first Federal income tax was levied to help pay for the Union war effort. In the summer of 1861, Salmon P. Chase reported to Congress that he would need $320 million over the next fiscal year to finance the war
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They were to liken the Confederate situation to Italy's struggles for independence which Britain had supported and were to quote Russell's own letters which justified that support
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The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War was a joint committee of the U.S. Congress during the American Civil War. Its role was to investigate the progress of the war against the Confederacy. The committee was established on December 9, 1861, and disbanded when the war ended in May 1865.
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The Battle of Fort Donelson was the first major Union victory in the Civil War
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The operation, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, was an amphibious turning movement against the Confederate States Army in Northern Virginia, intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond.
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was a crucial victory for the Union during the Civil War. On April 7, 1862, the Civil War's Battle of Shiloh ended with a United States Union victory over Confederate forces in Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee
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Many Northerners believed it was wrong that slave could be bought and sold within just a few blocks of the capitol building
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David Farragut was an accomplished U.S. naval officer, who received great acclaim for his service to the Union during the American Civil War
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The Homestead Act, enacted during the Civil War in 1862, provided that any adult citizen
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this act made it possible for new western states to establish colleges for their citizens. The new land-grant institutions, which emphasized agriculture
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the Confederate Army of the Potomac, the confederate forces were renamed the Army of Northern Virginia when Robert E. Lee assumed command on June 1, 1862, in a battle to defend the city of Richmond from Union forces
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The liberation of slaves would weaken the Confederacy by depriving it of a major portion of its labor force, which would in turn strengthen the Union by producing an influx of manpower.
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The Pacific Railway Act was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862
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The Confederate Congress also passed property confiscation acts to apply to Union adherents. But the amount of land actually confiscated during or after the war by either side was not great.
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The causes of the US-Dakota War of 1862 were many and it remains one of the most important events in Minnesota history
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Despite heavy Confederate casualties 9,000 the Battle of Second Bull Run known as Second Manassas in the South was a decisive victory for the rebels, as Lee had managed a strategic offensive against an enemy force Pope and McClellan's twice the size of his own
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As night fell, thousands of bodies littered the sprawling Antietam battlefield and both sides regrouped and claimed their dead and wounded
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President Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which sets a date for the freedom of more than 3 million enslaved in the United States and recasts the Civil War as a fight against slavery.
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The Union had suffered nearly 13,000 casualties, most of them in front of Marye's Heights
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Cherokee Indians in Washington in 1866 to negotiate the treaty with the United States
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President Lincoln imposes the first federal income tax by signing the Revenue Act.
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The riots were triggered by the women's lack of money, provisions, and food. All were the result of multiple factors, mostly related to the Civil War Inflation had caused prices to soar while incomes had not kept pace.
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Chancellorsville is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory.
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This major collection of records rests in the stacks of the National Archive
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During the Civil War, West Virginia is admitted into the Union as the 35th U.S. state, or the 24th state if the secession of the 11 Southern states were taken into account.
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Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River
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The New York Draft Riots occurred in July 1863, when the anger of working-class New Yorkers over a new federal draft law during the Civil War sparked five days of some of the bloodiest and most destructive rioting in U.S. history.
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Although a tactical defeat, the publicity of the battle of Fort Wagner led to further action for black U.S. troops in the Civil War
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Chickamauga was the largest Confederate victory in the Western theater With 16,170 Union and 18,454 Confederate casualties, the Battle of Chickamauga was the second costliest battle of the Civil War, ranking only behind Gettysburg
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movement of troops begins when Stanton orders 20,000 men, with equipment, moved 1,233 miles to relieve Chattanooga
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The Metropolitan Fair was a public event organized in the Metropolitan City of New York by the United States Sanitary Commission to raise funds and supplies for the Union Army during the American Civil War
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Lincoln delivered one of the most famous speeches in United States history at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery on November 19, 1863. The victory of U.S. forces, which turned back a Confederate invasion, marked a turning point in the Civil War
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the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, Lincoln was seizing the initiative for reconstruction from Congress
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From there Early was to move towards Washington, DC, approaching the national capital from the northwest
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President Abraham Lincoln and Congress, frustrated by the failures of their military leaders, needed to find a commander who could lead the Union to victory
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During the Fort Pillow Massacre, on April 12, 1864, Confederate troops killed nearly 200 Black troops fighting for the Union
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Grant's Overland Campaign called for a three-pronged attack in Virginia to keep Lee's forces engaged as General William T. Sherman's forces swept across the South toward Atlanta
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During the Fort Pillow Massacre, on April 12 1864 Confederate troops killed nearly 200 Black troops fighting for the Union.
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President Lincoln, who had earlier proposed a more modest 10-percent threshold, pocket-vetoed the Wade-Davis bill, stating he was opposed to being inflexibly committed to any single plan of restoration
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From there Early was to move towards Washington, DC, approaching the national capital from the northwest
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His main target was the 15,000 Confederate cavalry troops under General Jubal Early. The Confederacy relied on the fertile valley for much of its food
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its location and commercial importance, Atlanta was used as a center for military operations and as a supply route by the Confederate army during the Civil War.
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The 1864 Democratic National Convention nominated McClellan, a War Democrat, but adopted a platform advocating peace
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The decisive Union victory shattered Hood's army and effectively ended Southern resistance in Tennessee for the remainder of the war.
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The purpose of Sherman's March to the Sea was to frighten Georgia's civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause. Sherman's soldiers did not destroy any of the towns in their path, but they stole food
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the U.S. House of Representatives passes the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery in America
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the soldiers from Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's army ransack Columbia, South Carolina
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Congress passed An Act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees” to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services and land to displaced Southerners including newly freed African Americans.
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Negro soldiers came during the closing months of the war
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Richmond, Virginia served as the capital of the Confederate States of America for almost the whole of the American Civil War.
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In Appomattox Court House, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders his 28,000 troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the American Civil War
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A supporter of slavery, Booth believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution and to destroy his beloved South.
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Union General William T. Sherman was relentlessly pursuing Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston through North Carolina.
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At the same time, Johnson reaffirmed U.S. readiness to seek a negotiated end
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The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States including former slaves and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws
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The Emancipation Proclamation was signed by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, though the word of the edict would not officially reach Texas for another and why freedom for Texas slaves
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The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States including former slaves and guaranteed all citizens equal protection of the laws. One of three amendments passed during the Reconstruction era to abolish slavery and establish
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Because it ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor during Reconstruction
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The declaration stated the primary reasoning behind South Carolina's declaring of secession from the U.S., which was described as "increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery
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Grant as the 18th President of the United States took place on March 4, 1869, at the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. This was the 21st inauguration
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The transcontinental railroad had a major effect on how Americans perceived their nation, and it became a symbol of America's growing industrial power and a source of confidence that led them to take on even more ambitious quests
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Southern states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before being readmitted to the union. The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed African American men the right to vote
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The 15th Amendment granting African-American men the right to vote was adopted into the U.S. Constitution in 1870
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Congress readmitted Mississippi to the Union, nine years after the state had seceded to join the Confederacy
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Narrative History of Texas Secession and Readmission to the Union Related Secession Documents Ordinance of Secession
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On this day in 1870, Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be readmitted into the Union.