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Ella Baker was a pivotal civil rights organizer and activist, emphasizing grassroots organizing and empowering local communities. She played a significant role in founding and supporting key civil rights organizations, fostering a more inclusive and democratic approach to leadership within the movement. -
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, overruling the “separate but equal” doctrine and setting the stage for desegregation in education. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States. -
Thurgood Marshall was a trailblazing civil rights attorney who used legal strategies to challenge racial segregation, most notably leading the legal team in the groundbreaking case of Brown v. Board of Education, which desegregated American schools. His later appointment to the Supreme Court furthered his impact on civil rights through his judicial decisions -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a pivotal protest against racial segregation on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama, sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat to a white man. The successful boycott, led by Martin Luther King Jr., highlighted the power of nonviolent resistance in the civil rights movement. What caused this march was that Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white passenger on a city bus. -
Rosa Parks became an enduring symbol of resistance to racial segregation after her act of defiance on a Montgomery bus in 1955. Her refusal to yield her seat to a white passenger sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a successful protest against segregated public transportation that marked a turning point in the civil rights movement. -
Malcolm X was a charismatic civil rights figure known for his passionate advocacy of black empowerment and self-defense against racial oppression. He urged African Americans to embrace their cultural heritage, criticized nonviolent strategies, and inspired a generation seeking more assertive approaches to fighting for civil rights. -
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The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a massive civil rights demonstration held in Washington, D.C., where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, advocating for civil and economic rights for African Americans. The march helped push for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent civil rights leader whose nonviolent approach to activism propelled the movement forward, advocating for racial integration, desegregation, and voting rights. His charismatic speeches, including the "I Have a Dream" speech, inspired millions and brought attention to the injustices faced by African Americans. -
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The Civil Rights Act was a landmark legislation signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This act aimed to end segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination, marking a major victory for the civil rights movement. Congress was urged to honor Kennedy's memory by passing a civil rights bill to end racial discrimination and segregation in public accommodations and public education. -
The Voting Rights Act was a crucial piece of legislation signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed at eliminating barriers to voting for African Americans, particularly in the South. It banned literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices, significantly enhancing African American participation in the political process. President Johnson was persuaded to initiate meaningful national voting rights because of activists in Mississippi and other events. -
