-
In the Pre-Civil Ware era, the Dred Scott decision ruled that slaves are property and not citizens and therefore have no right to file a lawsuit.
-
This Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except in cases of punishment for a crime, mainly as a response to the end of the Civil War, and the victory of the Union.
-
This Amendment states that all persons born in the US are citizens, and the governments do not have the power to take away life, liberty, and property, and they must be privy to equal protection under the law.
-
This Amendment simply says the right to vote cannot be denied by the federal or state governments on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
-
A part of the Jim Crow laws, enacted in the Southern states to prevent blacks from voting. Taxes were places on everyone who wanted to vote, and if someone couldn't pay the fine, they weren't allowed to vote.
-
A law that let only white citizens vote in the initial elections in a state, and took away the right to vote, and disenfranchised minority voters.
-
Separate but equal accommodations do not violate the Equal Protection Clause. Allows for separate facilities and accommodations so long as they are "equal" for each race.
-
Stated the right to vote could not be denied or abridged on the basis of sex
-
Separate but equal educational facilities are inherently unequal violating the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.
-
President Kennedy issues an an executive order. He calls for "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." Kennedy calls for equal opportunity and treatment in the work force.
-
The rights of the citizens to vote in any government election cannot be abridged by the federal or state governments due to failure or inability to pay a poll tax or any other tax
-
Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
-
Outlawed more discriminatory voting practices, such as the literacy tests in the South, helped to guarantee the 15th Amendment
-
Rules that preference cannot be given to either sex. In this case it was specifically applied to the administration of estates.
-
This Amendment was never passed, but called for legal equality of the sexes, and prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex
-
Ruled that Universities' use of racial quotas for admissions are Unconstitutional, but also states that some Affirmative Action programs are Constitutional.
-
Upholds sodomy laws, prohibiting homosexuals from engaging in sexual actions. This is later overturned by Lawrence v. Texas.
-
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and more. It essentially made all buildings handicap accessible as well.
-
Supreme Court overturns anti-sodomy laws. Homosexuals are allowed to engage in sexual actions with consent again. Overturns Bowers v. Hardwick.
