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Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional. -
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers
color line
(January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball second baseman who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era.[1] Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15, 1947. -
Executive Order 9981
Segregation
Executive Order 9981 was an executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Founded in 1942, CORE was one of the "Big Four" civil rights organizations, along with the SCLC, the SNCC, and the NAACP. -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
In April 1963 King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) joined with Birmingham, Alabama’s existing local movement, the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), in a massive direct action campaign to attack the city’s segregation system by putting pressure on Birmingham’s merchants during the Easter season, the second biggest shopping season of the year. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L. 88–352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted July 2, 1964) is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
Jim Crow Laws & Sit-In
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960 which led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960) -
Integration of Central High School
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the March on Washington, or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C.
NAACP -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power: group of activists that were not focused on nonviolent protesting
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
- Malcolm X founded this party
- The Black Panthers provided many services for blacks in their community, such as free breakfast programs for children, and medical clinics.
- were okay with violence
- wanted to help the community -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Black nationalism (BN) advocates a racial definition (or redefinition) of national identity for black people. There are different indigenous nationalist philosophies but the principles of all black nationalist ideologies are unity and self-determination—that is, separation, or independence, from European society. -
Regents of the Univeristy of California v. Bakke
the Court ruled unconstitutional a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process, but held that affirmative action programs could be constitutional in some circumstances. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 defines housing discrimination as the “refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion, or national origin”. Title VIII of this Act is commonly referred to as the Fair Housing Act of 1968. -
Swann V. Charlotte Mecklenburg board of Education
desegregation: ending the separation of people by race
- school and the black students who are being bussed to the school
- bussing is a way for schools to desegregate -
Watts Riot
The Watts riots, sometimes referred to as the Watts Rebellion, took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles. An African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving.
