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Literacy Tests
These tests were meant to prevent African Americans from voting and were almost impossible to pass. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Graphic-Representations-of-the-Literacy-Test-Scores_fig1_323446410 -
Jim Crow Laws Instated
These laws were laws that segregated the African American community from being able to go to certain public places. Making it reject the Civil Rights Movement. https://onthebooks.lib.unc.edu/laws/the-laws-in-context/ -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution. “Separate but equal” -
Shelley v. Kraemer
Racially restrictive covenants were unenforceable in the court of law. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Led by Martin Luther King Jr. where they refused to ride the bus for over a year. -
Little Rock Nine
Nine African American Students attended Little Rock Central High School. They were met by mobs, when they returned they were protected by U.S. soldiers. -
Boynton v. Virginia
Banned segregated busses. https://aaregistry.org/story/boynton-v-virginia-ruled/ -
Greensboro Sit Ins
The Greensboro Four, African American Student, began the sit in movement that lasted for many weeks. And grew to different cities around the country. -
New Orleans School Integration
Six year old Ruby Bridges had to be escorted to her school everyday, and was insulted and mocked by others. -
Freedom Rides
African Americans and Whites boarded a bus in protest of segregated buses, and were firebombed in South Carolina, the riders were replaced every time they were beaten or arrested. -
Birmingham Bus Bombed
They bombed the bus because they wanted to resist what the people on it were trying to do. They were trying to desegregate buses and some resisted. -
Governor George Wallace of Alabama
Stood in the doorway of the University of Alabama in attempt to black the admission of two African American students, -
Birmingham Demonstrations
African Americans made many non violent sit-ins and protests. Many were arrested, eventually they were beaten violently and gained national attention. -
Children’s March in Birmingham
Many kids skipped school for a non violent march and were met by police with dogs and fire hoses attacking them. -
March on Washington
Peaceful March to protest civil rights abuse and discrimination. 250,000 people listened to the “I Have A Dream” speech. -
Baptist Church Bombing
Cooper released a bomb on 16th Street Baptist Church and killed four African American little girls. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits employment discrimination based on race, gender, color, religions, and national origins. https://equitablegrowth.org/voting-rights-equal-economic-progress-the-voting-rights-act-and-u-s-economic-inequality/before-the-enactment-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-and-the-voting-rights-act-of-1965-black-americans-said-equal-employment-opportunities-were-the-most-important-issue-for-them/ -
Assassination of Malcolm X
He was killed while lecturing. But his speeches and ideas helped develop the civil rights movement. -
Selma March
Martin Luther King led many marches; the first two were met by guardsmen and some violence, but the third Kennedy sent protection for them. -
Bloody Sunday
Protestors peacefully marched on Selma Alabama, and were beaten and attacked. This makes the movement rejected. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibits racial discrimination in voting. https://socialstudieslab.org/starters/2021/ 11/12/yst3xxod4236f1st086woklw8iwgd9 -
Watts Riot
Confrontation between Watts police and African American residents. Resulted in 34 deaths, over 1,000 injuries, and $40 million in damage. -
Black Panther Party Founded
After Malcolm X was assassinated they were founded. -
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
Investigates the violent disorders that had erupted in several U.S. cities. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. -
Loving v. Virginia
Declared Virginia statutes prohibiting interracial marriage unlawful. After white man Richard Loving and Mildred Jeter, a mixed woman, had pleaded guilty and were sentenced to prison. -
Detroit Riot
Violent encounters between black community and police. 43 deaths, 7,000 arrests, 1,000 burned buildings. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Killed by a sniper while on the balcony at a motel in Memphis. His death inspired many, but the movements started shifting away from nonviolent tactics. -
Fair Housing Act
Passed in Martin Luther’s honor. Made it unlawful for sellers, landlords, and financial institutions to refuse to rent, sell, or provide financial resources. -
Regents of University of California v. Bakke
Racial quota systems for college admissions were unconstitutional.
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