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-Amendment passed which officially abolished slavery in the United States and outlawed its practice
-Brought about an age of reconstruction for the South rising tensions after the Civil War -
-Amendment passed which outlaws the deprivation of any citizen's rights and privileges in the state, also defining their citizenship
-Reaffirmed African Americans as American citizens -
-Supreme court ruled in a case against Homer Plessy that giving separate but equal resources and facilities was not unconstitutional
-Therefore supported the fostering of the Jim Crow Laws -
-Was a court case in which Mendez's 3 children could not enter their school in California due to segregation
-Effectively brought about a desegregation in the California school system, esp. in Orange County -
-Supreme court ruled the separate schools were unconstitutional by nature, meaning schools must desegregate with "all deliberate speed"
-Was significant because it reversed the Plessy case ruling in effect, even with the "all deliberate speed" causing issues -
-Dr. Martin Luther King begins city wide boycott of buses in Montgomery, Alabama after the arrest of Rosa Parks
-Had serious negative impacts on the economy and eventually called for the desegregation of Montgomery. -
-Nine students were barred from entering Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas by the governor
-Federal intervention was required to bring troops to escort the students to their classes
-Eventually resulted in the desegregation of Little Rock -
-Several white and African-American citizens take buses together to the Southern part of the U.S. to protest bus segregation
-Many encounters end in beatings or riots -
-5000 federal troops were sent to the school to escort Meredith to enroll in his classes (sent by Pres. Kennedy)
-Results in some riots and 2 deaths -
-A bomb is planted in the Birmingham Church in Birmingham, Alabama
-Explosion kills 4 girls -
-Civil Rights Act passed by Lyndon B. Johnson, outlawing the discrimination of any us citizen by sex, race, or national origin in terms of employment of other state and local means
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-Amendment passed which outlawed poll taxes in elections for any and all federal officials of the state
-Immediately increased black voting percentage by 50 -
-Dr. Martin Luther King leads march to Montgomery to support black voting registration and protest
-They reach their destination, despite the resistance of local authorities and segregationists, and Pres. Kennedy addresses the nation -
-Outlawed the restrictions placed on African-American voters in Southern states
-Brought black voting percentage up to 50 percent in more in Southern states -
-Series of Riots in Los Angeles after Marquette Frye was arrested for drunk driving
-Riots culminate into looting, burning of buildings, and several injuries and deaths -
-Dr. King was assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee
-His death sparked fear among civil rights leaders, but brought others to the cause to see just how worse situations had become