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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Pre 1600
Before white Europeans started to inhabit America, tribes (Native Americans) lived in America. -
The Decleration of Independance
The decleration did not apply to slaves and spoke of freedom but didn't acknowledge the sufferings of the slaves at that point. -
Constitution of the United States of America
More equality for Black Americans (3/5ths of a white person) and formation of Government. -
Period: to
Whites move westward, taking more land from the Native Americans
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Period: to
American Civil War
In this war the Northern States wanted to end slavery so fought against the Southern 'slave' states. -
13th Amendment
Abloshiment of slavery -
Period: to
Recontruction Period
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Civil Rights Act
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Establishment of the Klu Klux Klan
Founders:
J. Calvin Jones
Frank O. McCord
John B. Kennedy
John C. Lester
James R. Crowe
Richard R. Reed -
Military Reconstruction Act
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14th Amendment
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15th Amendment
Right for everyone to vote, no matter of race, religion or anything but didn't fully give everyone the right to vote. -
Marcus Gavey born
The first ma to create a Black Power movement in the US, he was deported in 1927 after being arrested for his support/creation of the Black Power movement. -
Period: to
Southern States Voters
Southern States still disqualified voters due to race (so blacks were unable to vote.) -
PLESSY V FERGUSON
Creation of 'seperate but equal' -
NAACP established
Founders: Ida B,Wells, WEB Du Bois, Archibald Grimke, Lilian Wald, Mary White Ovington and 2 others.
Purpose: To achieve equality in the US for Black Americans, in all aspects of American life.
It was formed partly due to the amount of lynchings in the US at that time and the Spring Field race riots in 1908. -
Period: to
First World War
Blacks became aware of their situation due to the change in treatment when they were overseas in Europe, as they could sit in a bar with whites. The Military was still segregated. -
Fouding of the UNIA
Universal Negro Improvement Association -
Guinn v. United States
This is the NAACP case that ended the use of the Grandfather Clause -
KKK reformation
The organisation is more radical, disaproving of Jews, Catholics and other races. Michigan had the most members.
It was $10 to join up and for this reason suffered in the Great Depression but was still thriving in comparison to its past. -
Period: to
Harlem Renaissance
Through this decade the Harlem Area in NYC became mainly populated by Black Americans and became a ghetto relatively quickly. This then led the the area being known for Black culture - developments in Music, Theater and written areas. Artists in this period include Hurston - a Black female author. -
Various Race Riots
In 25 cities race riots took place -
Trade Union for RailRoad Porters
A.Phillip Randolph (the first President of the Organisation) created this due to the recognition of unfair wage and need for support. -
Nation Of Islam Created
Wallace Fard Muhammad founded the group and had the basis that a scientist accidently made a white human and they had lower morals and other issues. Malcolm X would later join this radical group. -
Roosevelt's 'new deal'
This was created due to the Great Depression - as many were suffering from the ecomonic down time, which meant that Black Americans had more oppertunities during this time but were still held back for various reasons. -
Indian Reorganisation Act
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Gaines V Canada
Blacks have the right to the same Higher Education as Whites, leaving them to be allowed into colleges (sometimes for free) and be allowed to apply for higher education.
NAACP court case. -
FEPC
Created by FDR for the fair employment in the US -
Period: to
US and WW2
This war allowed Black service men to be aware of issues in their home area and realisation of the need for change. -
CORE Founded
James Farmer and friends; George Houser and Bayard Rustin. -
Race Riots
Taking place: Harlem, Detroit, Alabama and Mobile. -
SMITH V ALLWRIGHT
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GI Bill
Black soldiers can be given money in order to go to college and better themselves. -
Period: to
Truman's Time
In the 1948 elections the Dixiecrats were not happy with the way in which things were being handled and didn't see the new way as fair and so didn't want to support Truman. -
Truman and Clayton Powell
DAR - Daughters of American Revolution, Powell began to side more with Kennedy and offended Truman with other remarks, -
Womens Political Council
Helping with Bus Boycotts and other Civil Rights Protests, Rosa Parks was part of this group and they campaigned for the rights of women. -
Period: to
Cold War
Communist irony - due to the seperatism of Black Americans. -
MORGAN V VIRGINIA
Irene Morgan was asked to give up her seat on an interstate bus and was fined $10 at which point NAACP got invovlved and settled the case - as it was an interstate bus she was abiding by the law. -
To Secure These Rights
Trumans report that was ordered for a better and fairer America. Its main points were seen as a bit too optimistic and the focus was:
Anti lynching, end to discrimination in interstate travel and in armed forced, voting rights laws. -
Shelley V Kraemer
Concerning the 14th Amendment being broken due to black Americans (and other non-white people) not being able to buy their own property.
NAACP case -
FEB Fair Employment Board
Truman established this. -
HENDERSON V US
Abolished segregation in rail road cars. -
SWEATT V PAINTER
Challenging the laws set in PLESSY (1896) -
Period: to
Eisenhower President
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Brown V Board
Overturning Plessy V Ferguson -
White Citizens Council
Due to the ruling of Brown V Board integration was supposed to occur in schools but the white family -
Emmett Till
He travelled south to a town called Money and supposedly whistled to a women and he was found in a Mississippi river being severly beaten. -
Autherine Lucy and University of Alabama
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Brown II
The second case that was supposed to speed up the process of Brown V Board -
Period: to
Montogomery Busa Boycott
Lasting over a year and concluding with Browder V Gayle. -
COINTELPRO begins
Spaning until the early 1970 and created by Truman in order to destroy any groups he disliked early on in their development and headed by the President. -
SCLC Founded
Southern Christian Leadership conference created by MLK to organise on a mass scale and between churches. -
Little Rock
9 Black Students entered the high school and were rejected by other students - Orval Faubus. -
Civil Rights Act
Focus on Black voting and stopping the blockade from black voters. -
COOPER V AARON
Forced desegregation in schools and more pressure to integrate across US. -
The Hate That Hate Produced
NOI film that made them famous and allowed the members to be seen in a different light, it was their propaganda. -
Civil Rights Act 1960
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Sit Ins in the South take place
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Period: to
Kennedy President
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Albany Movement
Starting in 1961-3 the Albany movement was about occupying the interstate areas and it was seen as a major defeat by all - aiding to the split in the CR movements. -
Period: to
SNCC and Mississippi
SNCC went to Mississippi to address a voting problems. -
Birmingham Campaign
This is where most groups became radical and there was a split in the civil rights groups. -
March on Washington
Many made speeches and support and respect rose. -
Period: to
Johnoson President
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Malcolm X leave NOI
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Watts
Rioting in LA -
Selma Campaign
29,000 Black Americans In Selma (half of pop.) went on marches led by MLK. -
Black Panther Party Established
In rememberance of MX and retaining his ideas on Civil Rights.
Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale and others formed the organisation for Black Power and CORE and SNCC joined the black power movement. -
The Meredith March