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U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the separate but equal doctrine. Plessy v. Ferguson was important because it essentially established the constitutionality of racial segregation. -
The first Black military aviators in the U.S. Army Air Corps -
When President Harry Truman desegregated the U.S. Military, Jackie Robinson approached, baseball was being proposed as one of the first areas of American society to integrate. -
Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military. -
Helped inspire the American civil rights movement of the late 1950s and '60s. -
A unanimous Supreme Court ruled that segregating children by race in public schools -
The sight of his brutalized body pushed many who had been content to stay on the sidelines directly into the fight. -
helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955 -
The integration of all American schools was a major catalyst for the civil rights action and racial violence -
The new act established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote. -
The Greensboro Sit-In was a critical turning point in Black history and American history, bringing the fight for civil rights to the national stage -
The Freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement -
of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
Ole Miss was the last battle of the Civil War -
On June 10, 1963, President John F. Kennedy federalized National Guard troops and deployed them to the University of Alabama to force its desegregation -
A call for equality and freedom, it became one of the defining moments of the civil rights movement and one of the most iconic speeches in American history. -
Kennedy, apparently in shock, was crawling onto the flat rear trunk of the moving limousine. Hill later told the Warren Commission that he thought Mrs. Kennedy was reaching for a piece of the president's skull that had been blown off. He crawled to her and guided her back into her seat. -
prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal -
the principal spokesman of the Nation of Islam during the 1950s and early 1960s -
Martin Luther King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the steps of the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, after a 5-day, 54-mile march -
It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting -
an African-American clergyman and civil rights leader, was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee -
An expansion of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1968, popularly known as the Fair Housing Act, prohibits discrimination concerning the sale, rental, or financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and sex.