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Supreme Court decision that African Americans, whether slave or free, were not American citizens and as such could not sue in federal court. -
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, except as a punishment for a crime.
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States cannot make or enforce any law which undermines the rights of citizens of the United States. Furthermore, all people born in the U.S. are citizens. -
Prohibits federal and state governments from denying people the right to vote based on race.
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Exemplified the Jim Crow Laws. Used to institute segregation in the South and deny African Americans the right to vote. -
Upheld the idea that racial segregation was constitutional under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
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Granted women the right to vote. -
Primary elections held in the South where only white voters were allowed to participate.
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Designed to give equal legal rights to all citizens regardless of sex. It seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters. -
The Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public school based on race is unconstitutional. This overruled the "separate but equal," principal set in the Plessy v. Ferguson case.
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sets of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to include particular groups based on their gender, race, sexuality, creed or nationality in areas in which such groups are underrepresented - such as education and employment. -
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. -
The Supreme Court held that the administrators of estates can not be named in a way that discriminates against sexes.
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The Supreme Court ruled that under the 14th amendment, colleges cannot use race as a basis of admissions.
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The Supreme Court ruled that the sodomy laws are constitutional. Furthermore, the 14th amendment does not prevent states from criminalizing sexual conduct between same-sex couples. -
Designed to help people with disabilities access the same employment opportunities and benefits available to people without disabilities. Employers must provide reasonable accommodations to qualified applicants or employees. -
Made to make it easier for all citizens to register to vote and to maintain their registration.
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Invalidated sodomy laws, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every state. -
The Supreme Court ruled that the right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples under both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.
