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Civil Rights
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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott sued his owner for freedom, it was argued 3 times between 1856 to 1857. This final decision was that he could not sue because he was property. -
Thirtenth Amendment
The Thirtheenth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted on December 6th, 1865. It was the first of the reconstruction amendments that were adopted after the Civil War. The Tirtheenth Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except for punishment. -
Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment addresses citizenships rights along with equal protection under laws, used for issues relating to former slaves after the Civil War. The Southern States were forced to ratify it in order for them to regain representation in Congress. -
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Poll Taxes
Poll taxes were used in the south to combat the 14th Amendment so that people of color were still, as a majority, unable to vote. They were used in conjunction with Literacy tests and the grandfather clause to keep them from voting. -
Fifteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment was adopted on February 3, 1870, as the last of the Reconstruction Amendments, It prohibited federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on the citizen's "race, color, previous condiiton of servitude." -
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White Primaries
White primaries were used as another method of stopping African American citizens from voting in the south. It wasn't until around 1930 that they were finally overturned and deemed unconstitutional. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In Plessy v. Ferguson, The Supreme court ruled "Seperate but equal" was constitutional and that they could have segregation as long as both faciliites were equal. However, in reality, they were not equal. -
Nineteenth Amendment
The Nineteenth Amendment was adopted in order to prohibit any citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of gender. Until this point, The states had been allowed to determine who was eligible to vote, and most states did not include women in that. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme court overuled their previous decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. They ruled that "Seperate but Equal" was unconstitutional, based on just the fact that seperate is not equal. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted on July 2. This outlawed any discrimination based on race color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, offices, and facilities used by the general public. -
Affirmative Action
Continuing today, Employers had to hire a certain number of certain races and could not go below that. even if other people had higher credentials. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This Act reinforced the 14th and 15th Amendments and basically gave a lot of federal overview when it came to voting. The federal government would almost "Hold the hand" of most states that refused to comply with the previous amendments. -
Reed v. Reed
Reed v. Reed was an equal protection case in which the court ruled that Idaho's preference towards males was unconstitutional. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This Amendment was used to reinforce equal rights for citizens. Unfortunately, it neverrecieved enough ratifications in Congress to pass. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Bowers v. Hardwick was a case against the Georgia sodomy law in private when applied between two homosexual males. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke upheld affirmative action and also set certain quotas to uphold, like, 25 out of every 100 needed to be a certain type of person. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act prohibited denying andy U.S. citizen a job or voting due to a disability. It also applied certain regulations states and facilities ahd to follow for americans with disabilities -
Lawrence v. Texas
Lawrence v. Texas struck down Texas' sodomy law and along with texas, 13 other states laws about sodomy. The court ruled that it was upheld by privacy and that the interest was too narrow.
