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Dred Scott vs Sandford
Supreme Court ruled in a 7-2 decision that a slave who had resided in a free state and territory was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States; and that the Missouri Compromise , which had declared free all territories west of Missouri and north of latitude 36°30′, was unconstitutional. The decision added fuel to the sectional controversy and pushed the country closer to civil war. -
13th amendment
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution officially abolished slavery in America, and was ratified after the conclusion of the American Civil War. The amendment states: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” -
14th amendment
The 14th Amendment marked a significant shift in the way the Constitution was applied in America. Prior to its enactment, the individual protections offered by the Bill of Rights were enforceable only against the federal government. The 14th Amendment applied these rights to the states. In so doing, it initiated a flood of legal action to determine the amendments meaning. -
15th amendment
granted African-American men the right to vote. the amendment reads: “the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Despite the amendment, by the late 1870s, various discriminatory practices were used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote, especially in the South. But this amendment was a step closer to equality. -
Poll Taxes
Poll taxes enacted in Southern states between 1889 and 1910 had the effect of disenfranchising many blacks as well as poor whites, because payment of the tax was a prerequisite for voting. -
19th amendement
The 19th amendment prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. The Constitution allows the states to determine the qualifications of voters, subject to limitations imposed by later amendments. Until the 1910s, most states disenfranchised women. The amendment was the highest point of The women suffrage movement in the United States. -
White Primaries
White primaries were primary elections in the Southern states of the United States of America in which only White voters were permitted to participate. -
Brown vs the board of education of Topeka
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Affirmative action
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination. -
24th amendment
The 24th amendment was important to the Civil Rights Movement as it ended mandatory poll taxes that prevented many African Americans from voting. Poll taxes, combined with grandfather clauses and intimidation, effectively prevented African Americans from having any sort of political power, especially in the South. -
Civil rights act of 1964
The Civil rights act of 1964 is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment. The act significantly widened the franchise and is considered among the most far-reaching pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history. -
Reed vs Reed
The Supreme Court ruled for the first time in Reed vs Reed that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited differential treatment based on sex. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal rights amendment was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. This man was introduced to Congress in 1923 and finally passed in 1972. -
Regents of the University of California vs Bakke
Regents of the University of California vs Bakke was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. -
Bowers vs Hardwick
Bowers vs Hardwick is a United States Supreme Court decision, overturned in 2003, that upheld, in a 5–4 ruling, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults when applied to homosexuals. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It affords similar protections against discrimination of Americans W/ Disabilities As civil rights act of 1964 which made discrimination based on race, religion,national origin, and other characteristics illegal. In addition, unlike the Civil Rights Act, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees w/ disabilities, and imposes Assessability requirements on public facili -
Lawernce vs Texas
Lawrence vs Texas is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. In the 6–3 ruling the Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
Plessy vs Ferguson, is a landmark United States supreme Court Decision upholding the Constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "Separate but equal "
