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Truman signs Executive Order 9981.
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The Supreme Court rules on the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.
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Rosa Parks, a 40-year-old African American woman, declares her spot on a bus taking a seat meant for the white people.
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Martin Luther King, Charles K. Steele, and Fred L. Shuttlesworth establish the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
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The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is founded at Shaw University, providing young blacks with a place in the civil rights movement.
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James Meredith becomes the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi.
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Martin Luther King is arrested and jailed during anti-segregation protests in Birmingham, Alabama.
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Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I have a dream" speech given at the Washington monument.
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The 24th Amendment abolishes the poll tax, which originally had been instituted in 11 southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.
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Malcolm X, black nationalist and founder of the Organization of Afro-American Unity, is shot to death.
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Race riots erupt in a black section of Los Angeles.
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Stokely Carmichael, a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), coins the phrase "black power" in a speech in Seattle.
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Martin Luther King, at age 39, is shot as he stands on the balcony outside his hotel room.
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President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.