-
This court case strengthened racial segregation in public accommodations and services throughout the United States. It was challenged due to it not being equal to all. -
The Tuskegee Airmen had the first African American pilots in the United States military service. Also proved that Black men could fly advanced aircraft in combat as well as their white counterparts. -
The integration of baseball in the 40s was sparked by several factors: Increasing economic and political influence of urban Blacks, the success of Black ballplayers in exhibition games with major leaguers, and especially the participation of African Americans in World War II. -
The Integration of the Armed Forces was important, during World War II, the Army had become the nation's largest minority employer. Of the 2.5 million African-American males who registered for the draft. President Roosevelt had responded to complaints about discrimination at home against African Americans by issuing Executive Order 8802 in June 1941. It directed that Black Americans be accepted into job-training programs in defense plants, forbid discrimination by defense contractors. -
This court unanimously decided, the Equal Protection Clause required that Sweatt be admitted to the university. Also, this case successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. -
In Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. This also helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal." -
A 14-year-old African American, Emmitt Till lynched in Mississippi in 1955, after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store. African Americans across the country began the struggle for justice. Emmett Till's murder was a spark in the upsurge of activism and resistance that became known as the Civil Rights movement. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, which was started by Rosa Parks. The success in Montgomery inspired other African American communities in the South to protest racial discrimination and galvanized the direct nonviolent resistance phase of the civil rights movement. -
The desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, gained national attention on September 3, 1957, when Governor Orval Faubus mobilized the Arkansas National Guard in an effort to prevent nine African American students from integrating the high school. The first school event since the Brown vs. Board of Education ruling that declared state laws establishing separate schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
The result was the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new act established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote. -
The Greensboro sit-in was a civil rights protest that started in 1960, when young African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. When four Black students refused to move from a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in 1960, nationwide student activism gained momentum. -
Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. -
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. This was very important because citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election. This fee was called a poll tax. On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the -
On September 30, 1962, riots erupted on the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford where locals, students, and committed segregationists had gathered to protest the enrollment of James Meredith, attempting to integrate the all-white school. It was important because it showed to define the "Segregated but equal," term. -
On June the sixth of 1963. James Hood and Vivian Malone became the first two black students to enroll successfully at the University of Alabama, defying Gov. George C. Wallace Jr.'s symbolic and vitriolic “stand in the schoolhouse door.” Not letting his own people get an education -
The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Then, lead to MLK's speech "I Have a Dream,". This was important in American history because pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress. -
On November the Twenty-Second of 1963, John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Tx. After doctors pronounced President Kennedy dead, Johnson was sworn in as the new President. JFK was crucial to the Civil Rights Act and people were afraid justice and equality would not be happening towards the African-American Community. However, Johnson continued to pass the Civil Rights Act that JFK was working on. -
In 1964, Congress passed Public Law 88-352. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing. This act is important because it prohibits discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs. -
On February the Twenty-Second, Malcolm X was assassinated. The factor that caused Malcolm X's death was that there was growing tension between The Nation Of Islam and himself. He organized temples; founded a newspaper; and led Temple No. 7 in New York City's Harlem. -
March 7, 1965, hundreds of people gathered in Selma, Alabama to march to the capital city of Montgomery. They marched to ensure that African Americans could exercise their constitutional right to vote, even in the face of a segregationist system that wanted to make it impossible. -
This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
On April the Fourth of 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was assassinated in Memphis, Tn. His assassination led to an outpouring of anger among Black Americans, as well as a period of national mourning that helped speed the way for an equal housing bill that would be the last significant legislative achievement of the civil rights era. -
An expansion of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1968, popularly known as the Fair Housing Act, prohibits discrimination concerning the sale, rental, or financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and sex.