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1. Trust vs. Mistrust
Bonds with caregiver. Can develop a sense trust and hope, or a mistrust and skepticism. -
Sensorimotor
Exploring the world through the five senses
Object Permanence
Learning basic motor function -
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
Building Independence- Walking, talking, feeding themselves
Learning right and wrong
Vulnerability-> leads to confidence in abilities or shame and self doubt -
PreOperational
Symbolic representation
Pretend play
Egocentric perspectives -
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
Lots of questions!
Need acceptance of mistakes-> positive reinforcement
Children learn self-care -> dressing themselves, feeding themselves, brushing teeth, etc.
Can lead to independence and initiative or frustration and guilt -
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
School age
Peers become significant
Sense of pride and accomplishment in their own work
Leads to feeling of competency or inferiority -
Concrete Operational
Begin to think more logically
Ability to categorize weight, mass, and volume
Reversibility of thinking- working back through problems -
5.Identity vs. Role Confusion
Forming identity; separating from parents
Peers become extremely important- relate
Conflict resolution and skills for the future
Who am I as a person? -
Early Adolescence-12-14 Years Old
Dramatic physical changes
Moodiness
A new desire for independence
Shyness, modesty
Behave childishly sometimes; stuck between maturity and silliness
Desire for privacy (beginning)
The beginning of sexual drive; attraction to others -
Formal Operational
Abstract, Hypothetical thinking
Testing hypotheses -
Middle Adolescence
Concerned with appearance
Very influenced by peer group
Thinking about future role; role models
Continued physical changes
Sex drive
Beginning to set goals -
Late Adolescence
Goal setting for future
More self-discipline
Seeking more intimate/serious relationships
Self-sufficiency
Intellectual insight and interest
Girls stop growing/ boys don't
More firm identity -
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
Finding love and connections
Grow a deeper sense of self which leads to commitment
Isolation leads to fear of relationships and loneliness -
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
What am I doing in the world?
Looking for meaningful work, community, and family
Building a legacy or midlife crisis -
8. Integrity vs. Despair
Self- Reflection on life choices
Positive: Found life fulfilling, does not fear death
Negative: Regrets life decisions, fears death