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Darwin, Charles, and Leonard Kebler. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life . London: J. Murray, 1859.
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Darwin, in his book "On the Origin of Species", introduced evolution and natural selection. Evolution and natural selection are closely tied together, and go hand-in-hand with one another.
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Natural selection is the process by which species evolve. Over a long period of time, they take on the traits that give them the best chance of survival. The members of these species that adopt these traits survive, while the other ones die off. When the members of the species with these traits, they pass on said traits to the newer members of the species, and then the process continues.
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The theory of evolution refers to when members of a species adapt new traits to give them a better chance of survival, through natural selection. When they adopt new traits, their DNA changes somewhat, and a new species is born. The theory of evolution also says, that this process, over millions of years, is how humans, or homosapiens came to be.
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Charles Darwin had a major impact on science, bringing to light the theory of evolution, natural selection, and a vast number of other theories. His impact on science cannot be understated, because we use his theories today still, in order to back-date and relate different species to each other historically, and to predict new mutations that could arise in various species.
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Darwin, Charles, Leonard Kebler, and Joseph Meredith Toner Collection. The Descent of Man,: And Selection in Relation to Sex . London: J. Murray, 1871.
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Darwin, Charles. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: J. Murray, 1872.