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Art Theory Meets Representation Work
Mary Ann Dwight wrote about key features of art and rules for applying these general rules in order to teach art. -
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QUOTE by Walter Smith
"The point state is, that design of ornament for object of use should be adapted, not imitated, from nature, or from accepted types of good historic ornament; that to fine art belongs the imitative and natural, to industrial art the adaptive and conventional." The Forgotten Man -
Rules or Intuition-Walter Smith
Art critic Walter Smith sent work by his students and attended the Centennial Exposition. The later wrote a book titled Examples of Household Taste in the hopes of teaching the general public about art. More so, he wanted to teach the differences between fine (paintings, drawings, sculptures) and industrial art (useful objects). Smith felt art was based on science and laws and that art education could teach those laws. -
Rules or Intuition-John Ruskin
Ruskin felt that design was unteachable and was, instead, intuitive and part of the personality of the artist. Ruskin and Smith's drastically different views on the design process both influenced art education in America. More info on Ruskin -
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Arthur Wesley Dow studies in Paris
He worked with artist Ernest F. Fenollosa. Fenollosa taught and believed that all arts share underlying principles and universal ideas. Dow and Fenollosa both believed that visual art was a combination of elements and forms that could be taught, much like poetry or music. The two worked together to develop instructional activities to help student artists learn these underlying principles and express them in unique, individual ways. -
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Color Wars
Milton Bradley and Louis Prang along with Mary Dana Hicks had competing theories on which colors to teach in school. Both used 12 colors. -
Historic Ornament
Henry Turner Bailey lectured classroom teachers on historic ornament and its role in art teacher. He believe, similar to Walter Smith, that drawing could not be taught without students have prior knowledge of historic ornament. Bailey thought students could be introduced to principles of design by copying examples of past decorative art and believed that art teachers should learn about the history of ornamental art themselves. -
Music of Color - Milton Bradley's "Color in Kindergarten"
The invention of the Color wheel, working with 6 standard colors. Music of Color -
Curriculum Development
investigation of color perception with children. Basis of curriculum development. -
Study-What colors to children percieve?
Mary Dana Hicks used information gathered in this study to develop art curriculum. She found that yellow and other colors containing yellow were mostly readily seen by children. Thus, color instruction should begin with yellow. -
Mary Dana Hicks - Color in Public Schools
Hicks spoke to the Art Department of the National Education Association on "Color in Public Schools" Mary Dana Hicks -
American landscape painter Arther W. Dow grabs Louis Prang's attention
Composition was Dow's special interest and his approach to art was a structural one. He criticized the academic approach of imitation and copying nature and wanted students to use their knowledge of art to make an appreciate art. Dow -
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Arthur Wesley Dow teaches at Pratt
During this time he published Composition and influenced many modern artists such as Max Weber and Georgia O'Keeffe. Dow used Japanese print, decorative objects, and/or art from local museums to teach his lessons. He showed how universal principles could be found/seen in works from various cultures. -
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QUOTE- Prang's art teacher manual
"Good historic ornament is always ennobling, for it is an expression of the best and most enduring feeling; it is, in a very high sense, 'a survival of the fittest.' A lesson in historic ornament may and should be not merely a lesson in drawing, but also, to a great or less degree, a lesson in history and aesthetics, in living and doing." -
Composition-Where individuality entered design
The Prang teacher's manual contained a section devoted to composition, which was defined as "a general term covering the individual worker's choice and arrangement of forms and colors, lines, and spaces, in order to perfectly and beautifully express his idea and carry out his plan." -
Ross's theory of pure design taught at Harvard
Sought to apply scientific methods to understanding and explaining art and artistic elements and principles. denman waldo ross -
Color Sphere - Albert H. Munsell
Color theorist, Albert Munsell developed his photometer for measuring colors, patented in 1901, and his color sphere.
Book: A color Notation -
QUOTE by A.H. Munsell
"Musical art has long employed the advantages of a definite scale and notation. Should not the art of coloring gain by similar definition? The musical scale is not left to personal whim, nor does it change from day to day, and something so clear and stable would be an advantage in training the color sense." More about Munsell
