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Commission Systems establish in Texas
A form of city government where exectutive power is invested in a group of professional commissioners chosen for their skills and expertise. It was established in Galveston, Texas -
Newlands Act
the 1902 act to help reclaim dry western lands which stated that the federal government was to use the money from the sale of western lands for irrigation projects -
Anthracite Coal Strike
the 1902 strike in which Theodore Roosevelt summoned both sides to the White House and, after threats of seizure and use of troops, reached a compromise of a 10% pay increase and a nine-hour day. -
Department of Commerce and Labor Established
the cabinet department created in 1903 by Teddy Roosevelt to help with increasing antagonism between capital and labor -
Elkins Act
the 1903 legislation which attacked railroad rebates and became the first effective railroad legislation -
Northern Securities Case
T. Roosevelt enhanced his reputation as a "trust buster" when the Supreme Court voted in 1904 to support his case against this holding company owned by J. P. Morgan and James Hill -
Roosevelt defeats Parker for Presidency
This man was 42 in September 1901, when William McKinley was assassinated. He took over the presidency and became the youngest man ever to assume the presidency. Never openly rebelled against the leaders of his party. Became a champion of cautious, moderate change. He believed that reform was a vehicle less fro remaking American Society than for protecting it against more radical challenges. He allied himself with those progressives who urged regulation (but not destruction) of the trusts. -
Hepburn Act
the 1906 legislation aimed at restricting the railroads by restricting the use of free passes and the accompanying hint of bribery -
Upton Cinclair publishes the Jungle
Novel published in 1906 that portrayed the filthy conditions in Chicago's meatpacking industry and led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act. -
Lochner v. New York
overturns new york law setting 8 hr maximum working hours for bakery workers- 1905 -
Pure Food and Drug Act
the 1906 act designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and drugs -
Meat Inspection Act
the book The Jungle brought about enough public support to pass this 1906 act of Congress .the law set strict standards of cleanliness in the meatpacking industry. -
"Roosevelt Panic"(PAnic of 1907)
This financial crisis of 1907 was blamed on the president. He was accused of causing instability with his policies, but he lashed back accusing big business of engineering it to force the government to stop attacking the trusts. This financial crisis, also called the Roosevelt panic, was short but spurred much-needed fiscal reforms. It exposed the need for a more elastic currency, and in response, Congress passed the Aldrich-Vreeland Act of 1908. -
Taft Wins Presidency
Roosevelt used his control of party machinery in the 1908 Republican convention to get the delegates to approve this handpicked successor. He was set against William Jennings Bryan in the election. -
Aldrich - Vreeland Act
the 1908 response by Congress to the 1907 panic which authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral -
Muller Vs. Oregon
In this 1908 Supreme Court case, Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the judges to accept the constitutionality of laws protecting women workers. Though the reasoning was sexist and discriminatory, it was still hailed as a triumph by progressives -
Payne - ALdridge Tarriff
-signed by Taft in 1909.
-this signing contradicted his campaign promises of progressive reforms (lower tariffs)
-it was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs.
-This split the Repulican party into PROGRESSIVES (lower tariff) and CONSERVATIVES (high tariff). -
Ballinger - Pinchot Affair
Ballinger, who was the Secretary of Interior, opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska against Roosevelt's conservation policies. Pinchot, who was the Chief of Forestry, supported former President Roosevelt and demanded that Taft dismiss Ballinger. Taft, who supported Ballinger, dismissed Pinchot on the basis of insubordination. This divided the Republican Party. -
Standard Oil Antitrust Suit
the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the company, which was judged to be a combination in restraint of trade (violated Sherman Anti-Trust Act); Court handed down "rule of reason", only those combinations that "unreasonably" restrained trade were illegal; ripped a hole in the government's anti-trust net -
Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Manhattan, New York City on March 25, 1911 was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history. The fire caused the deaths of 146 garment workers – 123 women and 23 men [1] – who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling or jumping to their deaths. Disastrous industrial fire of 1911 that spurred workmen's compensation laws and some state regulation of wages and hours in New York -
Titanic
This unsinkable ship. Hit an Ice berg in 1912 and sank into the ocean killing 1,500 people. -
Taft getr Republican Nomination over Roosevelt
Taft and Theodore Roosevelt had once been friends. But when the Republican Party met in Chicago to choose its presidential candidate in June 1912, the nomination battle between the two men was brutal, personal—and ultimately fatal to the party's chances for victory in November. Taft declared Roosevelt to be "the greatest menace to our institutions that we have had in a long time." Roosevelt saw Taft as the agent of "the forces of reaction and of political crookedness." The resultin -
Wilson Defeats Taft for Presidency
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize -
Federal reserve Act
This act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal Reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today. -
Huerta Takes Power In Mexico
He ruthlessly seized power in Mexico in 1913. President Wilson objected to his murderous methods and refused to extend diplomatic recognition to his government. He abdicated in 1914 -
16th Amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. -
Underwood Tarriff Act
Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax -
17th Amendment
Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. -
US Occupation Of Veracruz, Mexico
The United States occupation of Veracruz began with the Battle of Veracruz and lasted for seven months, as a response to the Tampico Affair of April 9, 1914. The incident came in the midst of poor diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United States, and was related to the ongoing Mexican Revolution -
WW1 Begins In Europe
World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war centered in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and tactical stalemate. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in man -
Federal Trade Commission Established
This commission was authorized to issue “cease and desist” orders to large corporations to curb unfair trade practices. Some of the unfair methods of competition that were targeted include deceptive advertisements and pricing. It passed the Senate by a 43-5 vote on September 8, 1914; passed the House on September 10, without a tally of yeas and nays, and was signed into law by President Wilson on September 26. -
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency. That regime started with the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices considered harmful to consumers (monopolies, cartels, and trusts). The Clayton Act specified particular prohibited conduct, the three-level enforcement scheme, the exemptions, and the remedial measures. -
La Follette Seamens Act
The Act included provisions, inter alia, to: abolish imprisonment for desertion
reduce penalties for disobedience
regulate the working hours of seamen both at sea and in port
establish a minimum quality for rations supplied to seamen
regulate the payment of wages to seamen
establish a harsh penalty of double wages per day that any wages remained unpaid upon a sailor's discharge (which resulted in one case where the U.S. Supreme Court awarded $302,790.40 to a sailor who had been discharged with -
Lustania torpedoed and sunk by a German U-Boat
RMS Lusitania was a British ocean liner, holder of the Blue Riband, and briefly the world's largest passenger ship. She was launched by the Cunard Line in 1906, at a time of fierce competition for the North Atlantic trade. In 1915, she was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat, causing the deaths of 1,198 passengers and crew.German shipping lines were agressive competitors in the transatlantic trade, and Cunard responded by trying to outdo them in speed, capacity, and luxury. -
US MArines Sent to Haiti
United States occupation of Haiti began on July 28, 1915, when 330 US Marines landed at Port-au-Prince on the authority of US President Woodrow Wilson to safeguard the interests of US corporations. The first invasion forces had already debarked from USS Montana on January 27 1914.
The occupation ended on August 1, 1934, after Franklin D. Roosevelt reaffirmed an August 1933 disengagement agreement. The last contingent of US Marines departed on August 15, 1934, after a formal transfer of power. -
Brandeis Appointed to Supreme Court
On January 29, 1916, Wilson "surprised the nation" by nominating Brandeis to become a member of the U.S. Supreme Court.[33] However, his nomination was bitterly contested and denounced by conservative Republicans, including former president (and future Chief Justice) William Howard Taft, whose credibility was damaged by Brandeis in court battles and from his having at one point called Taft a "muckraker. -
Pancho Villas Raid on New Mexico
he Battle of Columbus, the Burning of Columbus or the Columbus Raid, began as a raid conducted by Pancho Villa's Division of the North on the small United States border town of Columbus, New Mexico in March 1916. The raid escalated into a full-scale battle between Villistas and the United States Army. Villa himself led the assault, only to be driven back into Mexico by elements of the 13th Cavalry. The attack angered Americans and President Woodrow Wilson ordered the Pancho Villa Expedition. -
Sussex Ultimatium and Pledge
The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to the latter's entry into the war. the Sussex, was torpedoed without warning on March 24, 1916. on May 4, 1916, the Sussex pledge, which promised a change in Germany's naval warfare policy. These were the primary elements of the undertaking:
Passenger ships would not be targeted;
Merchant ships would not be sunk until the presence of weapons had been established, if necessary by a ship search. -
US Marines sent to Dominican Republic
The first United States occupation of the Dominican Republic lasted from 1916 to 1924. It was one of the many interventions in Latin America undertaken by the military forces of the United States. On May 13, 1916, Rear Admiral William B. Caperton forced the Dominican Republic's Secretary of War Desiderio Arias, who had seized power from Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, to leave Santo Domingo by threatening the city with naval bombardment. -
Warehouse Act
The Warehouse Act of 1916 permitted Federal Reserve member banks to give loans to farmers on the security of their staple crops which were kept in Federal storage units as collateral.[1] This Act of Congress went far in securing the farm vote in the 1916 Presidential election -
Federal farm Loan Act
The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 , enacted July 17, 1916) was a United States federal law aimed at increasing credit to rural family farmers. It did so by creating a federal farm loan board, twelve regional farm loan banks and tens of farm loan associations. The act was signed into law by President of the United States Woodrow Wilson. -
Jones Act
The Jones Law also known as the Jones Act, the Philippine Autonomy Act, was an Organic Act passed by the United States Congress. The law replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and acted like a constitution of the Philippines from its enactment until 1934 when the Tydings–McDuffie Act was passed (which in turn led eventually to the Commonwealth of the Philippines and to independence from the United States). The Jones Law crethe first fully elected Philippine legislature. -
Working Mens Comoensaton Act
granted assistance of federal civil-service employees during periods of instability but was invalidated by the Supreme Court. -
Adamson Act
The Adamson Act was a United States federal law passed in 1916 that established an eight-hour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for interstate railroad workers. -
Wilson Defeats Hughes for Presidency
Incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic candidate, was pitted against Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican candidate. After a hard-fought contest, Wilson defeated Hughes by nearly 600,000 votes in the popular vote and secured a narrow Electoral College margin by winning several swing states by razor-thin margins. As a result, Wilson became the first Democratic president since Andrew Jackson to be elected to two consecutive terms of office. -
US buys Virgin Islands from Denmark
In 1917, a treaty was concluded in which the United States purchased the islands for $25,000,000 (about $390,000,000 in 2010 dollars)[citation needed]. After the United States bought what is now known as the United States Virgin Islands from the Danish, the islands became an unincorporated U.S. territory. Most residents were granted U.S. citizenship in 1927, and an act of 1932 provided that all natives of the Virgin Islands who on the date of the act were residing in the continental states.
