Chapter 22 By Kingvic 17 The Baroque Period began in art, music, and architecture 168 Ptolemy supported the geocentric theory 1473 Aristotle explained the geocentric theory 1473 Nicolaus Copernicus reasoned the heliocentric theory 1543 Andreas Vesalius published On the Fabric of the Human Body 1590 Zacharias Janssen invented the microscope 1595 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw red blood cells for the first time 1596 Rene Descartes published Discourse on Method which set forth his reasoning 1608 Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer 1609 Johannes Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion 1620 Francis Bacon published Novum Organum which encouraged the experimental method 1632 John Locke explained his theory of “natural rights” 1633 Galileo was put under house arrest by an Inquisition for supporting Copernicus’s theory 1638 Galileo developed the law of the pendulum 1651 Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan 1662 Robert Boyle created Boyle’s Law 1686 Gabriel Fahrenheit made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass 1687 Isaac Newton published his law of gravity 1694 Francois-Marie Arouet changed his name to Voltaire and goes on to champion individual freedoms 1694 Mary Astell wrote A Serious Proposal to the Ladies 1699 Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin held her first salon of philosophes 1712 The enlightened despot, Frederick II, began his rule of Prussia 1714 Anders Celsius created a scale for the mercury thermometer 1730 The Classical Period began in art, music, and architecture 1733 Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen 1741 The enlightened despot, Joseph II, began his rule of Austria 1746 Denis Diderot published the first volume of the Encyclopedia 1748 Montesquieu published On the Spirit of Laws 1759 Emilie du Châtalet translated Newton’s work from Latin into French 1762 Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote The Social Contract 1764 Cesare Beccaria published On Crimes and Punishments 1776 Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence 1778 Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named gas oxygen 1787 The U.S. enacted the Constitution 1787 The U.S. Congress added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1796 Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent small pox 2008 The enlightened despot, Catherine the Great, began her rule of Russia 2009 William Harvey showed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body
