Chapter 22 By usernamejosh 322 BCE Aristotle explains the geocentric theory 165 Ptolemy supported the geocentric theory 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus reasoned the heliocentric theory 1543 Andreas Vesalius published On the Fabric of the Human Body-dealing dissection of human bodies 1590 Zacharias Janssen invented the microscope 1602 Galileo developed the law of the pendulum 1609 Johannes Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion 1620 Francis Bacon published Novum Organum which encouraged the experimental method 1633 Galileo was put under house arrest by an Inquisition for supporting Copernicus’s theory 1643 Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer 1650 Rene Descartes published Discourse on Method which set forth his reasoning 1651 Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan social contract(people give up rights to a strong ruler who maintains order) 1660 The Baroque Period began in art, music, and architecture(Bach and Handel were composers) 1662 Robert Boyle created Boyle’s Law 1682 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek saw red blood cells for the first time 1687 Isaac Newton published his law of gravity 1689 John Locke explained his theory of “natural rights” (life, liberty, and property) 1694 Francois-Marie Arouet changed his name to Voltaire and goes on to champion individual freedoms 1694 when did Mary Astell wrote A Serious Proposal to the Ladies-addressing the lack of educational opportunities for women 1700 William Harvey showed the the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body 1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass(32 freezing 212 boiling) 1740 The enlightenment despot, Frederick II, began his rule of Prussia 1743 Anders Celsius created a scale for the mercury thermometer(0 freezing 100 boiling) 1748 Montesquieu published On the Spirit of Laws-detailing separation of powers in government 1749 Emilie du Chatelet(a mathematician and physicist) translate Newton’s work from latin into French 1750 Marie-Therese Geoffrin held her first salon of philosophes 1751 Denis Diderot published the first volume of the Encyclopedia- a collection of enlightened thinkers works 1762 Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote The Social Contract-free individuals 1762 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Right of Women 1765 Cesare Beccaria published On the Crimes and Punishments-railing against common abuse of justice 1774 Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen 1776 Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence 1778 Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named gas oxygen 1780 The enlightenment despot, Joseph II, began his rule of Austria 1787 The U.S. enacted the Constitution- establishing a federal system, separation of powers, checks and balances 1789 The U.S. Congress added the Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments to the Constitution 1796 Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox 1800 The Classical Period began in art, music, and architecture(Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were composers) 1800 The enlightenment despot, Catherine the Great, Began her rule of Russia
