Chapter 22 By Diamond Fortner 314 BCE Aristotle explained the geocentric theory 150 BCE Ptolemy supported the geocentric theory 1473 Nicolaus Copernicus reasoned the heliocentric theory 1543 Andreas Vesalius published on the fabric of the human body - detailing dissectionof human bodies 1578 William Harvey showed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body 1590 Zacharias Janssen invented the microscope 1602 Galileo developed the law of the pendulum 1609 Johannes Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion 1620 Francis Bacon published Novum Organum which encouraged the experimental method 1632 John locke explained his theory of "natural rights" 1633 Galileo was put under house arrest by an inquisition for supporting Copernicus's theor 1637 Rene Descartes published Discourse on Method which set forth his reasoning 1644 Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer 1651 Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan -social contract 1662 robert boyle created boyle's law 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw red blood cells for the first time 1686 Gabriel Fahrenheit made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass 1687 Isaac Newton published his law of gravity 1694 Francois-Marie arouet changed his name to Voltaire and goes on to champion individual freedoms 1694 Mary Astell wrote A Vindication of the rights of woman 1699 marie-therese geoffrin held her first salon of philosophes 1730 emile du chatalet translated newton's work from latin into french 1742 Anders Celsius created a scale for the mercury thermometer 1748 Montesquieu published on the spirit of laws - detailing separation of powers in government 1751 denis diderot published the first volume of the encyclopedia 1762 Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote the social contract 1772 Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen 1774 Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named gas oxygen May 14, 1796 Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent small pox 1866 cesare beccaria published on crimes and punishments
