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Used by Galileo as early as 1608, the telescope is the basic instrument used to view space objects from Earth. https://www.loc.gov/collections/finding-our-place-in-the-cosmos-with-carl-sagan/articles-and-essays/modeling-the-cosmos/galileo-and-the-telescope
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The earliest camera was developed by inventor Niépce in 1827, modern cameras allow Hubble to capture images of distant space objects. https://www.visiononline.org/blog-article.cfm/The-Invention-of-the-Camera/19
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Invented by French physicist Foucault in 1852, the modern gyroscope allows Hubble to remain stable and at specific trajectories while in space.
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The spectrographs aboard Hubble Space telescope are what helps Hubble identify and collect data on space objects, usually stars, through the analyzation of light waves. https://astro-canada.ca/les_spectrometres-spectrometers-eng#:~:text=The%20first%20spectroscope%20was%20invented,observed%20through%20a%20small%20telescope.
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Almost a century after being discovered by the scientist Heinrich Hertz, radio waves would be utilized by Hubble's transmitters to send data from it's orbit around Earth to the ground. https://www.famousscientists.org/how-hertz-discovered-radio-waves/
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Italian inventor Marconi sent and recieved the first radio signal in 1895. This was the first telegraph, and the technology would be developed over the ext century into the transmitters that HSU uses to transmit data to Earth. https://public.wsu.edu/~bryan.mclaughlin/Radio/Who_Invented_Radio.html
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Used to create energy from UV rays, solar panels power the HSU while in space. https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/renewable/solar/history-of-solar-power/
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Launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, Sputnik baffled the entire world by being the first manmade object in space to transmit data back to Earth. https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-a-satellite-58
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The invention and use of the space shuttle is necessecary for Hubble's success. The space shuttle brought HSU into space, and also carried astronauts to the Hubble on several occasions for service and update missions. https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-the-space-shuttle-58.html
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The Faint Object Camera was perhaps one of the most revolutionary instruments that Hubble ever used. It allowed Hubble to take photos of distant celestial bodies and, even though it has since been replaced with an even more sensitive camera, gave humans some of the first glimpses into deep space. https://www.spacetelescope.org/about/general/instruments/foc/
