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Discovered that the Earth is round. This is important, because it's true and is the basis of many other theories.
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Proposed the Geocentric Theory or Ptolemaic System. Even though incorrect, he was able to combine what he saw of the star's movements, especially Geometry, to predict the movements of the planets
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Discovered the Heliocentric Theory, which is correct, and that the Earth rotates on an axis. This is important, because it is true and basis of many astronomical theories
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One of the most influential Astronomers in history. He created the most accurate mapping of planetary positions to date. He also used is considerable family wealth to invest in the invention and use of many instruments of Astronomy. He was known to be very accurate in his assessments.
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He discovered that the planets orbit in an elliptical path. In doing so, he discovered and proved three laws of astronomy that are still in use today.
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Discovered the Law of Gravity and the Basic Law's of Motion. In doing so, he helped further define the orbits of the planets, and explained why Keppler's Law's were true. He also built the first reflecting telescope.
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He discovered the theory of relativity, and that physics laws are the same throughout the universe. His finding's helped solidify physics and astronomy discoveries throughout time.