-
Zengar Trial
- John Peter Zenger, a German-American printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York City.
- Published articles in the New York Weekly Journal criticizing the royal governor.
- Laid foundation for American press freedom, truth is a defense against charges of libel
-
7 Years War
- War between Great Britain and the colonist versus the French and the Indians.
- Conflict resulted from Britain's and French's interest in trade in the New World
- GB won and gain huge amount of land from New France, Spanish Florida and part of the Carribeans
- Ended by the Treaty of Paris 1763
-
Albany Congress
- Meeting of representatives from 7 of the 13 colonies (specifically, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island).
- Discussed common defense against the Indians and the French
- Spent most of the time debating Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union
-
Treaty of Paris, 1763
- Agreement between GB, France, and Spain
- Ended the 7yrs War
- Marked beginning of GB dominance outside of Euro
- Didn't involve either Prussia or Austria
-
Pontiac’s War
- Launched by a loose confederation of Native American tribes primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754–1763).
- Eight forts were destroyed by the Indians
- Britist officers at Fort Pitt tried to infect Indians with smallpox
- Royal Proclomation of 1763, created a boundary between the colonist and the Natives
-
Sugar Act
- A revenue act passed by British Parliment
- Increased measures to enforce the tax
- Directly affected merchants and shippers
- Repealed in 1766
-
Stamp Act
- Direct tax imposed on the colonist by the British Parliment
- Required most printed materials be on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp
- Tax was never effectively collected, because of the angry colonists who attacked the stamp distributors
- Repealed in 1766
-
Repeal of Stamp Act
- Caused by widespread protest in the colonies
- Passed the Declaratory Act the same day
-
Declaration Act
- Act that was created when parliament repealed the Sugar Act of 1765
- Said that Britain had the rights to make laws binding to the colonists
-
Boston Massacre
- Incident in which British troops killed 5 colonists and wounded 6 other
- Caused by a mob verbally abusing British troops, who fired without order
- John Adams defended the British troops
-
Tea Act
- Aimed to reduce massive surplus that the British East India Company had
- Gave them the rights to export tea to the colonies without having to pay taxes
- An idea that tea price will be so low colonists will buy it
-
Boston Tea Party
BTP-Political protest by Sons of Liberty
-a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor
-remains an iconic part of American History
-resulted in Intolerable Acts -
Period: to
Intolerable Acts
-Punishment on all colonies because of Boston Tea Party
-Boston Port Act shut down Boston port until East India Company repaid for the the tea
-Mass. Govt act gave almost all govt control in Mass to the crown and its appointees
-Admin of Justice allowed British officials in the states to be tried in GB
-Quartering act pt2 required housing of British soldiers in private homes
-Quebec act created an imperialistic govt in Quebec -
Period: to
First Continental Congress
-convention of 56 delegates from 12 British NA colonies in Philadelphia
-response to Intolerable acts
-All but Georgia attended
-met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade; rights and grievances; and petitioning King George III for redress of those grievances.
-also urged colonies to set up and train its own militia
-unsuccessful -
Lexington and Concord
-1st military engagements of American Revolutionary War
-marked outbreak of open armed conflict between GB and the 13 colonies
-started as a British assault on a military cache in Concord
-”Shot heard ‘round the world” -
Fort Ticonderoga
–built 1754-1757 during 7 Years War
-controlled a river portage along the La Chute River between Lake Champlain and Lake George
-placed in conflict over trade routes between British Hudson and French St Lawrence River
-French fort
-May 1775 the Green Mountain Boys and other state militia under the command of Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold (before switching over to British side due to him being passed over for promotion because others claimed credit for some of his achievements)captured it i -
Period: to
Second Continental Congress
-all 13 colonies joined together, about 50 delegates
-managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
-By raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States -
Battle of Bunker Hill
-GB vs Militias of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island
-GB attacked Breed’s Hill, adjacent to Bunker Hill which was peripherally involved in the battle
-GB planned to send troops out of Boston to occupy hills surrounding the city -
Olive Branch Petition
-attempt to avoid a full-blown war with GB
-affirmed American loyalty to GB
-in August of 1775 colonies were formally declared in rebellion by Proclamation of Rebellion (cancelled ou the petition, although not having been received by the king before declaring rebellion. -
Common Sense (Pamphlet)
-by Thomas Paine
-presented the American colonists with an argument for freedom from British rule at a time when the question of seeking independence was still undecided
-connected independence with common dissenting Protestant beliefs as a means to present a distinctly American political identity -
Virginia Declaration of Rights
-proclaimed inherent rights of men, including right to rebel against “inadequate” govt
-influenced Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, and the French’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. -
Declaration of Independence
-declared that the 13 colonies regarded themselves as independent states and no longer part of the British Empire -
Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom
-by Thomas Jefferson
-promoted religious freedom in the state of Virginia
-called "the precursor to the Religion Clauses of the First Amendment" -
Treaty of Paris (1783)
-Ended American Revolutionary War between GB and US, along with France, Spain, and the Dutch republic, who all had separate treaties
-all 4 treaties together are called Peace of Paris -
Land Ordinance of 1785
-Under Art. of Confed., Congress didn’t have power to tax
-sold land in largely unmapped territory west of the original states to raise money -
Northwest Ordinance
Created NW territory, 1st organized territory of US
-S of Great Lakes, N and W of Ohio River, and E of Mississippi River -
George Washington Inauguration
-marked the commencement of the first 4 year term of George Washington
-John Adams took Vice Presidency since april 21
-sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston