First recorded description of living cells by Robert Hooke
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa.
Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox.
The first recorded use of the word biology.
Henri Dutrochet discovers that tissues are composed of living cells.
Protein discovered, named and recorded by Gerardus Johannes Mulder and Jöns Jacob Berzelius.
Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.
Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance.
Antonin Prandtl invents first centrifuge to separate cream from milk.
Friedrich Miescher identifies DNA in the sperm of a trout.
Ernst Hoppe-Seyler discovers invertase, which is still used for making artificial sweeteners.
Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria for identification.
Walther Flemming discovers chromatin leading to the discovery of chromosomes.
Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens.
Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux develop the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister.
Károly Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first uses the word biotechnology.
Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: penicillin.
L.V. Radushkevich and V.M. Lukyanovich publish clear images of 50 nanometer diameter tubes made of carbon, in the Soviet Journal of Physical Chemistry.
James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the structure of DNA.
The term bionics is coined by Jack E. Steele.
The first commercial myoelectric arm is developed by the Central Prosthetic Research Institute of the USSR, and distributed by the Hangar Limb Factory of the UK.
Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment, using bacterial genes.
The DNA composition of chimpanzees and gorillas is discovered to be 99% similar to that of humans.
Scientist invent the first biocement for industrial applications.
Method for producing monoclonal antibodies developed by Köhler and César Milstein.
North Carolina scientists Clyde Hutchison and Marshall Edgell show it is possible to introduce specific mutations at specific sites in a DNA molecule.
The U.S. patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is conceived.
British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells.
Rice becomes the first crop to have its genome decoded.
Thirty-one-year-old Zac Vawter successfully uses a nervous system-controlled bionic leg to climb the Chicago Willis Tower.
