-
2700 BCE
Imhotep
2700-2600 -
1600 BCE
Edwin Smith Papurus
-
1550 BCE
Ebers Papyrus
-
650 BCE
Thales of Miletus
first naturalist -
492 BCE
Empedocies
4 element model, love and hate
492-432 -
460 BCE
Democritus
460-360
elaborated on atomism -
460 BCE
Hippocrates
460-361
the humours -
384 BCE
Aristotle
384-322
- inspo to biologists
- knew Plato -
330 BCE
Heophilus
330-260
- physicians and anatomists at Alexadria -
310 BCE
Erasistratus
310-250
physican and anatomist at alexadria -
200 BCE
Yellow emperos Inner Canon
-
100 BCE
Celsus
encyclopedia - Da medicina - first medical book -
23
Pliny the elder
23-79 AD
37 volume encyclopedia -
130
Galen
130-200 -
570
Muhammed
570-632
welcomed educaiton, and inquiry int nature -
980
Avicenna
980-1037
- most prolific islamic intellectual -
1098
St Hildegard of Bingch
1098-1179
- not a scholastic but practiced medicine? -
1194
Frederick II
1194-1250
- university of naples - art of falconry -
1200
Albertus Magnus
1200-1280
- doctor universalis - literary scholar
- pupil was greatest scholastic - st thomas aquinas -
1214
Roger Bacon
1214-1292 -
1288
Ibn an - Nafis
questioned Galens theory of the heart - thought of modern circulation -
1452
Leonardo Da Vinci
1452-1519
anatomy and art -
1472
Copernicus
argued for heliocentric model of solar system
- 1472-1543 -
1493
Paracelsus
1493-1541
- controversial alchemist -
1510
Realdo Colombo
clear statement of pulmonary circulation
1510-1559 -
1511
Michael Servetus
1511-1553
- restoration of christianity, dissections for sylvius -
1514
Andreas Vesalius
1514-1564
first accurate anatomy book -
1537
Girolamo Fabrici
1537-1619
- valves in the veins -
1564
Galileo
1564-1642
- first to use a telescope and observe celestial imperfections -
1571
Johannes Kepler
1571-1630
obits are ellipses not circles -
1578
William Harvey
1578-1657
- private conclusion that blood circulates -
Rene Descartes
1596-1650
- humans mechanisms with soul to direct actions -
Giovanni Borelli
1608-1697
- digestion = mechanical pulverization -
Franciscus Sylvius
1614-1672
- no small alchemist being
- acids and alkalis in digestion -
Leeuwenhoeks
1632-1723
- 100x-200x microscope, made many observations -
Robert Hooke
1635-1703
- microscop demos and microphagia 1665 -
Johann Becher
1635-1681
- originator of phlogiston and terra pingus - later modified by George Ernst Stahl (1660-1742) -
Sir Isaac Newton
1642-1727
- universe operated simple, universal, quantitative laws - how science should be -
Marcello Mapighi
1661
- confirmed Harvey's model of blood circulation with a microscope -
Rene Antoine Ferchault Reaumer
1683-1757
-digestion chemical or physical?
- bird experiment -
Hans and Zacharias Jannssen and Hans Lippersheg
17th century
- first microscope -
Joseph Black
1728-1799
- Fixed air (carbon monoxide) -
Joseph Priestley
1738-1804
- dephlogisticated air = oxygen -
Lamark coined biology
-
Rudolph Virchow
1858 - cell theory