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New take on art and functionality. Art as a utility.
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published in 1944, the Owatonna Art Education Project provided a justification for arts integration in schools and daily lives
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John Dewey writes and publishes book, Art as Experience.
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Leon Winslow's book, The Integrated School Art Program (1939), is published at the height of the Progressive Movement in Education. Advocated for creative expression and said art should be taught for broad cultural purposes, making it important for integrating into regular school curriculum.
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World War II starts when Hitler invades Poland
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In 1941, Edwin Ziegfield, Ray Faulkner, and Gerald Hill publish the textbook, Art Today: An Introduction to the Fine and Functional.
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At 7:55 AM on a Sunday, hundreds of Japanese warplanes, launched from aircraft carriers far out at sea, attack the American Pacific fleet anchored at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
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The US declares war on Japan after Pearl Harbor attack
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Victor D'Amico expresses his own methods of teaching in Creative Teaching in Art (1942).
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There was a rise in patriotism and nationalism in K-12 schools during the war. Arts abandoned "escapist tendencies" that allowed for free self expression and art for art-sake. Art was used as a utility through posters, and other art activities all for the sake of the war effort.
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U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, forcing all Japanese-Americans to evacuate the West Coast and move into internment camps.
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Articles feature titles such as "Art Education is National Defense" and "Defend America Posters"
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Wilder publishes "Art Teacher Call to Arms" in School arts
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Theme of this September 1942 issue was "American Life"
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Article about Defense Poster Program first appears in School Arts Magazine
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The Schools-at-War program is organized, sponsored by the War Savings Staff of the Treasury Department and the U.S. Office of Education.
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Nancy Larrick's article "Total War Means Schools at War" is published in The Clearing House Journal
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Inaugural issue of "Schools at War Bulletin" published
Link text -
[Link text] (lhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc145/m1/1/)
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Japanese sign unconditional surrender and end WWII
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This first edition became the most influential art education textbook of the post war era
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The National Defense Education Act, NDEA, is passed by Congress and heavily supported by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The act called for schools to emphasize science and math in the hope that children with natural ability in these subjects would pursue careers that would eventually aid the United States National Defense and thus outmatch the Soviet Union's military, technology and research. The arts were greatly de-emphasized during this time because they were considered frivolous.
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beginning of critical pedagogy
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promotes art education across four disciplines- aesthetics, art criticism, art history, and art production
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[link text] lhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/1320453?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents)
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the 9/11 attack on NYC and Washington D.C. caused a shift in American ideology and a resurgence of nationalism
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In Art Education Journal, Volume 55, 2002
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Criticism of visual culture in art education.
[Link text] (lwww.aristos.org/whatart/arted-1.htm) -
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Art education during Iraq war
[link text] (www.jstor.org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/stable/3194079?&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents) -
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[link text] (www.aristos.org/aris-09/arteducation.htm)
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Criticism of political agenda in art education. Also wrote a similar piece for the NYT.
