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Exploration, colonization, revolutionary war buildup
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Christopher Columbus sails under the Spanish flag searching for quicker water route to Asia. He finds the Americas instead and is coined for being the person who discovered the Americas.
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The first English attempt at colonization and exploration in the Americas. This is in North America, near Canada and doesn't succeed but it's a start.
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England supports Netherlands in a war vs Spain. This ends the English and Spanish relationships, which encourages England to colonize.
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Formed by the Virginia company and Plymouth company this is the first permanent English settlement. After loads of struggle they introduced the cash crop tobacco which led them to success.
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In Massachusetts law was passed stating that i a town had 50 families it needed a teacher, and if a town had 100 families it needed a school. This was very important because it started the need for education in the colonies.
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William Penn starts colony because of a debt owed by the crown to his father. Quakerism, and pacifism are practiced, with religious freedoms that weren't common in other colonies.
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The dutch settled New York from the period 1613-25, and it was called new Netherlands. Due to the wars the land was granted by Charles to the Duke of York, and the east coast of north America was primarily under British control.
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First proposal for a colonial government, and a union of the colonies. Created by Ben Franklin but it wasn't used.
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French Settlers move into Ohio River Valley, starting conflict between Native American and English Trade. This was creates the negative views between colonists and England that enhance the revolutionary war.
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At the end of the French and Indian war the practice of salutary neglect ends. England believes the colonists didn't do enough in the war, and they can't be trusted in following British law, so they get involved in he colonies much more.
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Colonists weren't allowed to go west of the Appalachian mountains. This was passed so Britain could control the colonies easier, and the colonies only so this as temporary.
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Revolutionary war, independence
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Tax on everyday items, affecting most colonists. Colonist response lead to more unity and shared ideas that unified violence will bring forth change.
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Tax on lead, glass, tea, paper, and paint. Colonist respond with another circular letter, brings boycotts and more unity.
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Attempt to save the British East India Tea co, shutting down every tea company except for it. Colonists didn't except the tea from the company, provoked the Boston tea party.
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In response to the tea act, colonists dressed up as native Americans and boarded a British ship with thousands of lbs of tea. They dumped it all into the harbor as a protest.
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Purpose was to punish Boston. The Boston Port Act closed the Boston port and the Massachusetts government act banned the Massachusetts assembly from meeting.
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First battle of the revolutionary war. Colonists win, Britain proposes a way for peace where the colonists will tax themselves on parliaments demand but colonists deny it.
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The leaders of the colonists met in Philadelphia to discuss important things. Most importantly they made George Washington the leader of the continental army.
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Turning point in the war. The French alliance was created.
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The last official battle of the revolutionary war. Cornwallis is surrounded and he surrenders at Yorktown.
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Proposed in 1777, it was Americas first plan of government. It was very weak, not having a national currency, the ability to tax, no power to regulate interstate trade and many more flaws.
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Treaty concluding the war and granting the colonies independence. Colonies borders were set to the Mississippi river.
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An armed uprising in Massachusetts. This event challenged the articles of confederation and triggers change in the government.
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Written by James Madison, the constitution becomes Americas official framework of government. This includes a system of checks and balances
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George Washington was elected in 1789 and served until 1796. He established the two term precedent, he legitimized the national government and set the tone for US foreign policy.
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Era of Good Feelings, early westward migration, agricultural revolution
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Case that established judicial review in the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court can decide what is constitutional or not.
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Napoleon sells the US the Louisiana territory, expanding US territory westward. Lewis and Clark are sent to explore the new lands.
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Aaron Burr challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel, Burr shoots Hamilton, and Hamilton eventually dies. Burr attempts to get European armies and take back the Louisiana purchase, but none of his attempts work, and he is eventually arrested for treason.
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Recent problems with Britain and France led Thomas Jefferson to put in place an embargo, canceling trade with any other nation. This ends up hurting the US more than they anticipated, and political views on Jefferson are hurt.
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James Madison plan to settle things with Britain and France, saying one gets an embargo, and one gets free trade, whoever says yes 1st gets trade. Leads to the war of 1812
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Fought between the US and Great Britain and their respected allies. Britain still attacked US ships even though US had positioned neutrality, and many young Americans were excited for war.
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James Monroe wins, but the federalist party is dying. The 1st party system is changing into the second party system, and the Era of Good Feelings is the time between the two systems.
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US buys Florida for $5 million from Spain. Spain also gives up their claim for the Oregon territory and the northern boundary for Spanish territory is clear.
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As new states were added they had to be slave or free, and this issue came up a lot. Missouri was to be a slave state, Maine was created as free to keep a balance, and the 36 30 line was put into place.
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Written by John Quincy Adams setting US foreign policy. Ideas expressed included encouraging other democracies and limiting European influence in the western hemisphere.
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Jacksonian Democracy, westward expansion, the second great awakening, early reform movements, 2nd party system.
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Signed into law by Andrew Jackson, this forced Native Americans to move west passed the Mississippi river. This leads to the Trail of Tears.
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The caucus system was replaced by political conventions in the election process. The purpose of this was to make the election process more democratic.
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South Carolina and other southern states opposed a national tariff that supported northern industry. S.C declared the tariff void in their state, Jackson lowered the tariff because he didn't want any state to secede.
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Jacksonian democracy was all about the common man, increasing national suffrage for white males. Also his presidency increased national power, and sectionalism.
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The Whig party was created at the end of Andrew Jackson's 2nd term, also creating the US second party system. Whigs didn't like Jackson, were often states rights advocates and northern industrialists.
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Civil War, Abolition, Reconstruction, Industrialization
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One of James K. Polk's accomplishments he achieved that was on his platform was annexing Texas. The territory was a very large addition to the US and key to the start of The Mexican War.
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The US offer to purchase land from mexico that many Americans lived in, these places were California and New Mexico. Mexico declines, and the secretary of war prompts Californians to rebel against Mexico.
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American citizens living in the Sacramento valley revolt against Mexican authorities. Californians join US troops in The Mexican War
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Treaty between the US and Great Britain, establishing a border at the 49th parallel in the Oregon territory. The US had the south and GB got the North,
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Treaty ending the Mexican War. The US got all the land they wanted, and future civil war generals got important experience in this war.
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The Republican Party is formed, replacing the Whig Party. They run on a "free soil" platform on slavery, and are made up of the north.
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Proposed by Stephen Douglas, arguing that the transcontinental railroad should go through a middle territory instead of the south. The middle territory would be split into two states, Nebraska and Kansas and they would determine slave or not by popular sovereignty.
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Preston Brooks, a South Carolina representative, physically beats Charles Sumner, a Massachusetts senator, at the senate building. Southerners rejoice over the incident, and tensions are very high.
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The new states were decided to be free or slave by popular sovereignty, and this lead to violence between supporters of both sides. The sacking of Lawrence was an attack on an abolitionist town, and the Pottawatomie Massacre was led by John Brown and they killed pro slavery people.
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An abolitionist raid at Harpers Ferry Virginia led by John Brown. They planned to break into an arsenal, steal weapons and rescue slaves, but they got caught and were hung for treason.
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After Lincoln wins the presidency without a single electoral vote from the south it is clear war is on the way. South Carolina secedes, followed by GA, AL, FL in January, and MS, LA, and TX in February.
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Union fort near Charleston was bombarded by the confederacy. The south takes control of the fort and the battle starts the civil war.
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In areas of rebellion slaves are free, and African Americans can join the Union army. It makes the war centered on ending slavery, rather than preserving the union, and it makes Britain not join forces with the south.
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Vicksburg was the only place on the Mississippi River held by the confederates. Grant surrounds the city and takes it over, completing the anaconda plan, it was the turning point in the west.
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Turning point of war, 3 day battle at Gettysburg Pennsylvania. Largest casualty count of any battle, but the Union wins.
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Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at the Ford Theater, making Andrew Johnson president, a democrat. Abe Lincolns plan for reconstruction couldn't go through, so the the process of reconstruction was much different without him in charge,
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Slavery was the main reason the civil war was fought, and in the wake of union victory the 13th amendment was ratified, abolishing slavery.
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Sherman pushes from south east, Grant pushes from the west, cornering Robert E. Lee in the town of Appomattox Courthouse. The confederacy surrenders, ending the war.
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Gilded Age, Early Labor Movement, Urban development, Industrialization.
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As a part of reconstruction the 14th amendment was ratified, granting citizenship to all natural born people to America. It also guaranteed all citizens "equal" protection under the law.
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The route in the middle of the country was completed, connecting Iowa to the coast of California. This was very important, transporting goods all over the country and it expanded industrialization.
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The first successful labor organization. Labor organizers weren't too successful during the gilded age, but Knights of Labor found success because how they separated unskilled and skilled workers.
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Railway company workers went on strike after their wages had been cut for a third time in one year. This was the first national strike, and over 100,000 people participated.
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This law prohibited Chinese laborers to immigrate to the US. This was the very first immigration law prohibiting an entire ethnicity from entering the US, and not the last.
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The section of government set up to deal with labor standards, such as wage, conditions, hours, etc. Insuring some basics standards was very important for the time because most factory conditions were horrible.
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This act was very important in the future of Native American culture in the US. Reservations were divided up, and there was allotment of land, also boarding schools were created for Native American Children, blending them into American society.
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Leading into new imperialism, the US is beginning to get more involved in its surrounding countries, and trying to spread democracy and american influence around the globe. These conferences take place from '81-'89 between western hemisphere nations.
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During the gilded age monopolies and corruption was very common in the economy, so this act was very important to try and end some of that. The act outlawed trusts, monopolies and cartels to increase economic competitiveness.
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Farmers met in Florida in order to get demands from the government. They wanted no land given to railroads, bimetallism, no national banks, no tariff, no income tax, and direct election of senators.
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Taking place in San Diego this is considered to be the end of the Indian Wars. The Sun Dance had been previously banned by the US government, and the military kills 200 natives practicing it.
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The most successful 3rd party of all time, and they did exceptionally well in the 1892 elections. Working to help followers and having a platform called the Omaha platform.
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Due to successful expression from the populist party, and demands from farmers, a small reduction of the tariff and the 1st income tax was passed. This success was very important for the future of organizing and protests.
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Another set of strikes against railroad companies, The Pullman strike was helped ob by Eugene Debs. The government response to the striking was the first time that an injunction was used.
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The Spanish American war ended in the Treaty of Paris, which led to the US getting Puerto Rico, Guam, and The Philippines. The US's status changes greatly, as they became a prominent worldly power, they started building a large navy, and they needed to make a canal through central america.
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Imperialism, Progressive Era, Conservation and Preservation Movements, WWI
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US Supreme Court cases focused on the status of people living in US territories. It was determined that the people of these territories didn't have the rights of an american citizen.
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President McKinley was shot by an anarchist, leaving the vise president Theodore Roosevelt as president. Roosevelt will lead the US as a progressive, and his egotistical and beliefs had a huge impact on the future of America.
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A treaty between the US and Cuba to protect Cuban independence from outside nations. Under the treaty it said that the amendment had to be under Cuba's constitution, the US is allowed to have military presence in Cuba and they can meddle in Cuban affairs
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Treaty signed by the US and Panama, giving the US a 10 mile strip of land across Panama. They had a one time payment of $10 million and $250,000 annually.
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T. Roosevelt was a conservationist, and one of his priorities was conserving national land and creating national parks. He teamed up a lot with John Muir, a very famous and successful preservationist in order to accomplish these goals, and the US forest service was very important for maintaining the parks.
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The food industry hadn't been given important standards before the progressive era, and Roosevelt passed lots of legislation to improve food quality to reduce disease. The act required food crossing state lines to be federally inspected before hand.
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Roosevelt passed a couple food industry acts to better protect american citizens. This act required for food labels to be one hundred percent true and accurate, which is very important for consumers.
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During William Taft's presidency the 16th amendment, the institution of the income tax, and the 17th amendments, the direct election of senators is passed. These two amendments had been pushed for by many farmers and the populist party during the gilded age, and finally they become law.
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With territory all across the pacific the US needed a water route through Central America. After buying land across Panama, they finished building a canal, which was very helpful in trading, traveling and eventually became very useful in the upcoming World War One.
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Woodrow Wilson had an America first policy, trying not to get involved in World War One was a big priority, but German submarine warfare made it difficult. A German u-boat sunk this ship, killing some american passengers, and after continued German aggression toward american ships the US would join the war against them.
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The US declared war against Germany on April 6th, 1917, for an accumulation of reasons. Germany had resumed submarine warfare after they agreed to stop, the Zimmerman note was another factor, and the Russian revolution began, forcing Russia to leave on the Allies side.
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The Creel Committee was the committee on public information, and it was very important during war time. It's purpose was to create propaganda campaigns , and the effects of these campaigns made citizens feel the need to help and support the war effort in any way they could.
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During war time male citizens have to enter the draft, where they can be selected to serve for the US army. This act drafted 3 million soldiers during world war one, and there were 2 million soldiers who volunteered
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The US intercepted a telegram from Germany to Mexico, proposing an alliance, and if they won then Germany would help Mexico gain back some of the land the US took from them. This was one of the final straws before the US declared war, about 4 months later.
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Roaring Twenties, The Great Depression, World War Two, Bolshevik Revolution, The development of mass society
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Treaty ending World War One, extremely harsh towards Germany. The League of Nations is created, but the US doesn't join it, article x being a big reason why.
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Henry Ford was the owner of the ford car company, and his company changed the factory system and much more. They had an assembly line, in order to complete the mass production of the cars, there was a living wage, and a weekend.
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The 18th amendment says that is constitutional to prohibit alcohol, and the country enters the prohibition. After long pushed to get this done it finally happened, but it didn't keep people from drinking, there were speakeasys, mobs, etc.
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The First Red Scare was a time period during the 20's when communism was being spread across eastern Europe and many Americans were afraid of communism and extremely against it. Mitchell Palmer sought out people who supported communism, and his raids ended it 6,000 peoples arrests.
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The 19th amendment gives women the right to vote. After years and years of the women's movement they get something they had been working for for so long, but they still didn't have equal pay and many other equalities that they will still fight for.
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The USA was getting more immigrants than ever coming into the country, so they quickly set up a quota system to limit how many people could come in. This act said that only 3% of the number of immigrants from a certain country in 1910 are allowed in.
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Referred to as Black Tuesday, the stock market crashes, but the worst is yet to come. Hoover doesn't deal with the crash greatly, thinking that people can handle it on their own and if you work hard you can get by, causing more problems.
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Veterans were gifted cash compensations for serving the US during war, and these were redeemable after the war. around 40,000 veterans walked to Washington D.C to get there money early, and Hoover made a terrible mistake. He sent the US army on the veterans, and public opinion was bad on him.
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With poor leadership from president Hoover, lack of diversification in industry, over speculation in the stock market, and many more reasons the US enters the Great Depression. Hoover is often blamed for the depression, he didn't think it would last very long, and that it would fix itself on its own.
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After replacing Hoover as president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first job was to rebuild the US's economy and conquer The Great Depression. He passed a lot of legislation to try and complete the 3 R's, relief, recovery, and reform programs.
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This act drafted a total of 2 million soldiers to fight for the US in WWII. Overall there was 15 million total soldiers in the war, 40% volunteered and 60% were drafted.
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FDR has made it clear that the US doesn't want to get involved in WWII, but Japanese aggression in the pacific forces them to interact. Japan bombs pearl harbor, The US's largest navy base, and FDR's declaration of war request it passed.
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The lend-lease act said that the president could give money or supplies to other nations fighting in war, and they would lend them this instead of selling. $50 billion was given away during it, and the FDR nicknamed the US the "great arsenal of democracy."
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A total of 2.8 million allied soldiers were sent to liberate France, crossing the British Isles. They used props as a distraction against the German forces, and France was liberated in August the 25th.
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The German army was defeated on May 7th, 1945, giving the allied powers victory in Europe. FDR ha died just one month before hand, but he and other European leaders had met at conferences during the last couple years to make sure that another catastrophic war like the last two would never happen again.
