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Native America, European Exploration, Colonization
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Jamestown was the first successful English colony in the future US, settled in Virginia.
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Plymouth was the first settlement created in Massachusetts by Separatists who sought to create a religiously pure society.
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Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams as a colony for religious freedom. Many Quakers moved to Rhode Islands and they strongly believed in the separation of church and state.
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The slave was bringing slaves into the US through the middle passage. Slaves were put into the task and gang system to help rich colonists and work on plantations.
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The Trade and Navigation Acts gave Britain control of trade in the colonies and was a form of Mercantilism. The acts help the colonies to develop trade but the acts are mostly ignored by the colonists.
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The natives and New England go to war over native land. Sassamon is killed by his people because he was helping the colonist. New England kills King Philip which ends the war.
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The Great Awakening was a time of religious reform in the colonies, mainly for protestant Christians. Great Awakening speakers used heavy emotion and fear in their talks and led to more religious devotion in the colonists' lives.
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The French and Indian war began in the colonies when French settlers encroached on land claimed by the British.
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After the French and Indian War, England becomes more involved with the colonies ending the policy of salutary neglect. The colonists think that the should be able to govern themselves while the British think that they are incapable of running themselves.
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The Proclamation Act prohibited the colonists from expanding west of the Appalachian Mountains. This gave Britain more control over the colonists who hoped that the act was temporary.
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American Revolution, Confederal Era, and the Early Federal Period
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The Tea Act or Revenue Act was put into effect after the French and Indian war to pay for the debt. The act tried to stop sugar from being smuggled into the colonies by lowering the tax from 6 pence per pound to 3 pence per pound.
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The Currency Act prevented the Colonies from printing their own money. This meant that taxes had to be paid in specie.
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Colonists had to pay for the housing of British soldiers. This allowed the British to have a presence in the colonies.
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The Stamp Act was a tax on all paper goods sold in the colonies. Violators were put on trial in admiralty courts. This tax caused the colonists to begin to join together to protest against the taxes.
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The Sons of Liberty were a group of colonists who led violent protests against the British and their taxes. They carried out the Boston Tea Party, attacked customs officials, and other violent protests.
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The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting between the colonies that focused on the right to tax themselves. This led to the repeal of the Stamp Act and a greater sense of unity between the colonies.
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The Declaratory Act was put into place after the Stamp Act was removed to help Britain hold its power. This act allowed the parliament to bind the colonies to do what they want.
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The Townshend Acts were taxes on lead, glass, tea, paper, and paint that helped pay the royal governors who were controlling the colonies. The colonists come together to protest these acts more than ever before.
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During a violent protest against British soldiers, the soldiers fire on the colonists, and 5 of them are killed. News of the Boston Massacre spreads throughout the colonies and helps bring the colonies together against the British.
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A tax on tea that was collected by the British and protested heavily by the colonists, most notably in the Boston Tea Party.
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The Coercive Acts were put in place to punish Boston and Massachusetts by shutting down ports, the government, and protecting the soldiers in the colonies. The other colonies come together to protect Boston and Massachusetts by protesting the acts.
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The American Revolution was a war between the colonies and the British over the colonies' independence. The colonies won the war and gained their independence from Britain.
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The Articles of Confederation was the newly formed United States' first constitution. The Articles gave the federal government very little power which led to many problems for the country.
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Shay's Rebellion was an armed uprising of citizens who were protesting the taxes and state governments. This event helped let the country know that the Articles of Confederation were not working.
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The Constitutional Convention was a meeting between representatives from all the states to create a new constitution for the United States. The convention took many days and compromises but gave us the Constitution.
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The Revolution of 1800 was the presidential election between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Jefferson won giving power to the Democratic-Republicans.
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Expansion, War of 1812, Era of Good Feelings
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John Mashall tried to create new jobs for judges to give more power to the federalists which were deemed unconstitutional. This court case also established Judicial Review.
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Lewis and Clark explored the new land west of the Mississippi River that was acquired through Louisiana Purchase.
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Jefferson buys the Louisiana territory from France for 15 million dollars. Made the deal a treaty so it would be considered constitutional.
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Thomas Jefferson cuts off trade with the rest of the world because of the Chesapeake Incident and conflict in Europe. This cause Jefferson to lose some of his status.
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The War of 1812 was a war between the US and Great Britain partly because of the Napoleonic wars and the embargo of 1807. The war ends without much change or compromise because Britain was done fighting wars and the federalist party dies during this time.
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A period in the United States after the War of 1812 when national unity and pride was high.
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An election between Rufus King and James Monroe. James Monroe wins and the Democratic-Republicans hold power.
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The US bought Florida from Spain and the boundary between the US and Spain is changed. Spain wanted to avoid conflict over the territory.
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James Monroe wanted to limit European Influence in the western hemisphere and created a change in foreign policy with the Monroe Doctrine. Doctrine said that the US would stay out of Europe if Europe stayed away from the western hemisphere.
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The House has to choose because there is no majority vote. John Quincy Adams becomes president and can not work with Congress or the people.
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Jacksonian Democracy, Second Great Awakening, Manifest Destiny
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This election between Adams and Jackson became about personal attacks rather than key issues. Jackson wins the election with a mandate.
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Jacksonian Democracy led the country with its ideas through Jackson's presidency and after. This time focused on the rise of the common man and brought more democracy and power to the president.
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The Second Great Awakening was a time of religious reform in the US and brought about many new ideas and reform movements. Utopias and transcendentalism became big ideas during this period.
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Many Utopian societies developed during Jacksonian Democracy and the Second Great Awakening. They wanted to create better societies and get away from the changing industrial America.
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Jackson fought against the second national bank which led to the end of the national bank and separate state banks.
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South Carolina decides to declare the tariffs put in place in 1828 void. Jackson wins the fight with South Carolina and the idea of notification is mostly dissolved.
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The Whigs became a new party after Jacksonian Democracy to combat the Democrats. The brought ideas from the Democrats and federalists into their party and took many ideas out of Jacksonian Democracy.
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The Whig party brings in William Henry Harrison who does not focus on political issues but is liked by the people and uses the same tactics of degrading his opponent to win the election.
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As the US started to expand the idea of Manifest Destiny began to grow. People believed it was their god given right to journey and settle west.
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John Tyler steps in as president after William Henry Harrison dies. Tyler vetoes the Bank Bill and starts working to Annex Texas.
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Polk wins the election against Clay with a set plan for his presidency. Polk wanted to expand the US, lower the tariff, an create and independent treasury. Polk only planned to stay in office for one term.
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Question of Slavery, Civil War, Reconstruction
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The Mexican War between the US and Mexico led to the US gaining more land which helped to fulfill Polk's platform. The war also solidified the US as a world power.
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As the US began to develop more people began to immigrate into the US. People from Northern Europe, Germany, Scandinavia, and other countries were coming into the country to make a living. Americans developed a sense of nativism.
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The Compromise of 1850 answered the question of slavery for the new territory gained in the Mexican-American War and other expansion. Both the North and the South benefited but tensions over slavery were growing.
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This act solved the issue of slavery in the two states by giving them popular sovereignty and letting them decide if they would be free or slave states. This set the stage for the border war between Missouri and Kansas.
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This border war was a series of brutal battles between Missouri and Kansas over the issue of slavery.
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This court case decided that slaves were property and could not be kept from their owners. This was a big win for the south.
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John Brown and free African Americans raid the federal arsenal and planned to free enslaved people and help them escape. The plan fails and John Brown is executed but this was a message for the south.
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Lincoln wins the election running on a platform of free soil and ideas that would hurt the south. This is the last straw for the south and causes the firs states to succeed.
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The American Civil War was a war between the confederate states of America and the Union or United States of America. The war was fought over slavery and political disagreements. The Union won the war which ended slavery across the country.
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The Emancipation Proclamation freed enslaved people and allowed them to join the Union and fight in the war. This also made the war about ending slavery more than anything else.
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Shortly after the end of the Civil War Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by actor John Wilks Booth during a play. Lincoln was not able to help lead reconstruction.
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Gilded Age, Reform Movements, First Labor Unions/Reform
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This was the beginning stage of reconstruction which focused on giving aid to African Americans and led to the 13th and 14h amendments.
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Military Reconstruction was a much more forceful form of reconstruction. US troops were sent into southern states to keep order and make sure they were doing what they needed to.
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Grant wins the election because he was a loved war hero. Seymour did not have the appeal of Grant.
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The government during Grants during presidency was corrupt and used their power to succeed and manipulate the economy.
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Sharecropping was a new labor system developed during reconstruction to keep the economy in the south going. This was a way for southerners to keep enslaving people legally.
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During the Gilded Age, the US was trying to gain land from the Native Americans which led to many disputes and armed conflicts.
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This period after the Civil War was good for the economy and the US was starting to develop. There was also a lot of corruption in the government and the economy.
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As the economy began to develop and cities started to develop more of the population began to move into cities to work in factories.
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This act tried to limit the number of immigrants into the US especially from China and Asia. Immigrants from China were not allowed into the US for a time.
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The act was a civil service reform that stopped some of the corruption going on during the Gilded Age. People had to prove that they were qualified for certain government jobs.
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Reorganized Native American territory which affects relations with the natives at the time and contributed to reform movements.
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This act was intended to break up monopolies at the time but instead was used to break up labor unions.
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This case upheld that segregation was constitutional if all segregated places were equal. This case brought about the idea of separate but equal.
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Wilmington was controlled by African Americans and poor whites at the time. Racist whites try to split up the town by destroying the local newspaper and committing other acts of violence.
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The Spanish American War was a conflict between Spain and the US after the US helped in the Cuban revolution and other attempts at independence.
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The US annex Hawaii and later made it a US territory. This was caused by new imperialism and the Spanish-American War.
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Progressive Era, Conservation v. Preservation, WWI
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The Progressive Movement was not an organized movement but was made up of many different reformers and movements. The main focus was to improve life for average Americans.
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Mineworkers strike going into a time where fuel is needed for the country and the Federal Government has to get involved. Roosevelt takes the side of the minors which is a big step towards fighting big businesses.
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The court ruled against the railroad companies involved in this case and destroyed the monopoly they had. The Sherman Anit-trust act was starting to be used for its original purpose.
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This act gave the ICC more power over railroads and stopped railroads from giving rebates. The government is cracking down on big businesses.
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Theodore Roosevelt won the election against Alton Parker. Roosevelt was running under his square deal plan.
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The President is given the authority to create national monuments and national parks. Roosevelt uses this a lot to as a conservationist.
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Taft can not work with congress so he struggles to lower the tariff like he said he would. Taft is not liked like Roosevelt was.
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Ballinger and Pinchot have a conflict over conservation and preservation. Taft resorts to firing Pinchot which gives him more of a bad name and helps to split the Republican Party.
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This act gave the ICC the authority to regulate telephones and telegraphs. This allowed for more regulation of big businesses.
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The 16th amendment created an income tax and the 17th started the direct election of senators. These amendments were some of the progressive actions that Taft was able to make during his presidency.
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Teddy Roosevelt returns to challenge Taft and runs under New Nationalism which is too progressive for the country. Woodrow Wilson wins running under his New Freedom platform.
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Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated by Serbs who are upset with Austria-Hungarian control. This starts WWI but the US tries to stay out of the war at first.
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The Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was sunk, killing many Americans. The US knew that this was very bad but they still wanted to avoid going to war.
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The National Defense Act was a preparation for war that doubled the US army and started the construction of a larger navy.
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The Zimmerman Note was an intercepted telegram between Germany and Mexico proposing an alliance to attack the US. This one of the final straws that made the US enter the war.
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WWI, Great Depression, Social Reform, WWII
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The Treaty of Versaille ended WWI and punished Germany for the war. Germany was destroyed by the treaty and had to rebuild.
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After WWI the US was afraid of communism and communists making it into and near the US. The Red Scare contributed to a lot of the moral in the US and some attitude going into WWII.
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After WWI the KKK began to grow and meetings with the group were treated as events where the KKK was present.
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This act limited the number of immigrants into the US and created the quota system at the time. This quota system only allowed a certain number of immigrants into the country from each country.
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From the Depression, through WWII the government and other people tried to keep the people in the US the way they wanted through Eugenics programs. Certain people were picked to be sterilized based on genetics and race.
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The Depression was the greatest economic crisis the world had ever seen and hit America very hard after the stock market crash. Hoover failed at helping during the depression but FDR was able to make a difference.
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Hoover was the first president to lead the country during the depression and did not make much of an impact on helping the country during this time. Hoover did not help the people as he should have and Hoovervilles developed.
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FDR's three R's were part of his New Deal plan for the depression. He planned to focus on relief, recovery, and reform.
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FDR had fireside chats were informal radio chats with the people to get close to the people and treasure them that the country was going to make it out of the depression. These helped FDR's reputation as well.
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FDR's closed all the banks for 3 days to help them reset. FDR also used this to help determine what banks were stable and if they could open after the 3 days.
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This organization came out of the New Deal as a relief program. Young men were given jobs and the work they did around the country helped people get by.
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The Social Security Act was a new deal act that helped with reform and established the social security we have today. Money was taken out of your paycheck and stored to be used later when you retire.
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The Japanese destroyed the US navy at Pearl Harbor and made an impact on US citizens. The US had never had an attack this close to home. This attack brought the US into WWII.
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This act allowed the US to provide weapons and materials to its allies who were fighting in the war while the US stayed neutral. The US was still not ready to fight in the war and had no reason to until Pearl Harbor.
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D-Day was the Allies' front in France and was one of the largest battles of the war. This battle gave the Allies the advantage in Europe and the war in Europe soon ended afterward.