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Native America, European Exploration, Colonization
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Christopher Columbus arrives in the new world with his three ships, the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria. This marks the first appearances of foreign colonization in the Americas.
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The Slave Trade allowed a buildup of slavery in the colonies, eventually leading to the American Civil War.
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Jamestown was not the first colony, but the first successful one, settled in Virginia.
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This act was a religious toleration act passed by the Maryland colony. It was one of the reasons for the Glorious Revolution.
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These acts placed several regulations on English trading, one of the reasons for the American Revolution
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This rebellion mainly consisted of indentured servants and led to the cancellation of the use of indentured servitude. Although indentured servants were not used, this led to a need for slaves.
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The Glorious Revolution was meant to overthrow King James II. It had religious and political drive, but ultimately gave more power to the British Parliament and drove it toward a more political democracy.
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These trials were a set of accusations against people believed to be witches, sometimes not. These were important to the evolution of civil society in the Americas.
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The French and Indian War was between the French colonies and the British colonies after French settlers encroached on British claimed territory. The war put Britain in massive debt, leading to many of the catalysts of the Revolutionary War.
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After the Seven Years War, King George issued this to prevent colonists from expanding past the Appalachian mountains. This marks the first of many actions by the British that led to the American Revolution.
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American Revolution, the Confederal Era, and the Early Federal Period
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This was the first of many taxes, specifically on sugar, that made the colonists want to rebel against Britain.
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The stamp act was one of many taxes imposed on the American colonists, a major driving force behind the Revolutionary war
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These acts placed taxes and regulations of many necessities in the colonies such as tea, paper, paint, glass, and lead, further stoking their drive to rebel.
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The Boston Massacre was an event that resulted in the death of colonists at the hands of British redcoats. Propaganda massively overinflated the actual villainy of the act, which encouraged more colonists to rally against Britain.
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Colonists raided a ship that carried crates of tea and threw them into the harbor. This was significant because it fueled the already risen tensions between the colonists and Britain.
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This tax was one of many, though it was meant to assist a struggling tea company, leading to the Boston tea party.
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These acts were a punishment on the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. The colonists believed that Parliament did not have the right to place these punishments on the colonists, which further led to the revolution.
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Colonists decided during this to boycott all British goods, as much of British tax funding came from the colonial purchase of goods.
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The Second Continental Congress acted as a governing body over the thirteen colonies. This was significant because it was the first evidence of the colonists physically uniting together against the british.
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These battles were extremely significant, as they were the first military battles between the colonists and the british.
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The colonists decided to declare independence against the British, signifying the official beginning of the Revolutionary War
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This series of battles convinced the French of America's military power, which prompted the French to begin assisting the colonists.
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The Continental Congress approved the first national government outline. They were significant because they provided a structure for the colonies to survive until the Constitution was ratified.
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This treaty was significant because it marked the end of the Revolutionary War.
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This event was significant because it marked a unanimous action by the colonists to place someone in charge.
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Westward Expansion, Jacksonian Era
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The Louisiana Purchase officially gave the Americans a monetary right to the territory west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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This court case established the Judicial branch power of Judicial Review, the power to declare things unconstitutional.
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Jefferson sent out Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase, officially mapping out the land that the Americans would quickly expand into.
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The Embargo Act was an attempt to punish Europe and France for trying to trade with them while at war with each other, as Jefferson believed that the US was essential to them. It ultimately backfired, as the US was revealed to not be as important as they believed.
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The leader of the Native American confederacy, his death left almost no hope for the prevention of westward expansion by the colonists.
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The end of the war of 1812 led to a peace between Britain and America that has yet to be broken, and also left little resistance to westward expansion.
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The first severe economic depression in US history, this prompted a dislike in many against the banks and tariffs, as they were driving forces of it.
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This case established Implied powers for the federal government, increasing it's power exponentially.
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Henry Clay's compromise that declared Missouri be inducted as a slave state and Maine a free state. This compromise caused much controversy that was later involved in the Civil War
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This declared that Europe and the US should stay to their own continental political affairs, Europe staying out of Latin America and the US staying out of Europe. This foreshadowed the US imperialistic values put into place at the end of the century.
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Jacksonian Democracy, Pre-Civil war, slavery issues
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Andrew Jackson's time in office led to the creation of the Democratic party and the removal of many native populations from their homes.
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The north enacted this tariff as a way to protect the northern industry, but the rural south was hurt by the tariff, leading to more discord between the north and south.
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This act officially told the natives that the southwestern land that belonged to them was now American, a symbol of the juggernaut that would become westward expansion.
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This rebellion resulted in more strict proslavery laws in the south, a sign for the impending Civil War
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This case set in stone the basis of Native American law, legally stating that native land could not be controlled or exploited by the states.
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The active protest of the south against the northern tariffs was one of the first physical actions by the slave states against the free ones. The protests foreshadowed the Civil War.
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The removal of Native Americans officially began what would become westward expansion, as it shoved the natives beyond the Mississippi River.
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Manifest Destiny, the Civil War, Reconstruction
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Advocates believed that the US was 'destined', some believed by God, to spread across the entirety of North America, eventually reaching all the way to the Pacific ocean.
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The potato famine in Ireland led to the first major wave of immigration to the United States.
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The end of the Mexican American war led to the American acquisition of most of the southwestern states, fulfilling Manifest Destiny as they now controlled that much more of the North American continent.
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Gold found in California encouraged many to travel west to gather gold, further motivating westward expansion.
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This was the first major women's rights convention, launching the women's suffrage movement.
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This compromise undermined the Missouri compromise, further spiraling the country into a division by admitting California as a free state.
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This case increased tensions between the north and south, outraging abolitionists as their laws were undermined by the decision.
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This attack by the south officially began the Civil War.
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Lincoln's declaration that all enslaved people be free was controversial, as the southern states had already seceded, therefore they believed that the proclamation was useless. It spurred southern distaste toward the Union.
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Lincoln's speech inspired the Union soldiers to keep fighting by telling them to honor the fallen not by mourning, but by finishing the fight that they had sacrificed themselves for.
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Lee, the most respected souther general, surrendered his forces at Appomattox Courthouse, effectively ending the Civil War.
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The ratification of these amendments made official that the formerly enslaved males were now citizens with the right to vote, and that slavery was abolished.
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The Freedmen's bureau made many important actions to better the lives of the formerly enslaved, most successfully establishing state education facilities for blacks in the south.
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Carpetbaggers, Northerners who traveled to the south after the civil war, were viewed by southerners as people trying to profit off of the southern loss. They were key in reshaping the southern governments after the Civil War.
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The formation of the KKK during Reconstruction effectively drove republican power out and allowed for the formation of what would become Jim Crow
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Post-Civil War, Gilded Age, Monopolies.
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Andrew Johnson's veto was not enough to stop this act, as congress was Republican-controlled and overrode it. This act offered protection to the formerly enslaved.
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These acts were an attempt to readmit the southern states into the Union by occupying the states with the military, though it ultimately failed as reconstruction was not possible, because the southern states would not just change their beliefs.
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This was the first step on the way to the 19th amendment, showing that progress was being made in the women reform movements.
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Boss Tweed was a political official who claimed to assist the poor, yet he did it in exchange for money and votes. His arrest showed how corrupt the political system had become.
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Union Pacific's creation of the Crédit Mobilier Company, which was used to generate profit for the Union Pacific Company, was revealed to the public as proof of corruption.
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Rapid industrial growth led to major inflation and eventually a panic. The major decreases in wages during this panic was one of the main reasons that strikes began in the US.
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The end of Reconstruction led to severe disenfranchisement of black voters in the south, as the north no longer had militarily control in the south and could not enforce the fifteenth amendment.
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This act changed how officials were elected from patronage to merit, reducing corruption.
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The AFL used tactics such as strikes, walkouts, and boycotts to successfully earn more fair wages, hours, and conditions.
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As the more apparent corruption in business and politics came into play, this act was passed to restrict them. It was largely ineffective, as the monopolies had lots of control in the political world too.
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This tariff hurt the poor farmers and helped the rich companies, which lead to the rise of the Populist movement.
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The Populist Party appealed to the lower class in a time where the upper class controlled much of the economy, calling for better hours, direct senatorial elections, and a graduated income tax.
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The Industrial Revolution led to massive overspending and eventually a colossal failure, shutting down an unmeasurable amount of businesses. The massive inflation led to many strikes.
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During the Pullman strike, George Pullman asked the Federal Government for assistance to end the strike. Their involvement was more evidence that Monopolies had control in the political world that they shouldn't have.
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America's new imperialistic ideals led to their want to expand overseas. This war solidified America's military power as well as their acquisition of formerly Spanish controlled land.
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Imperialistic Ideals, WW1, Labor reform.
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This was one of the first natural conservation efforts, as well as policies to make working-class conditions better.
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This amendment detailed the removal of US troops from Cuba after the Spanish American War, while also still giving them influence by saying that they could intervene to maintain peace.
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This was meant to justify the intervention of the US in foreign affairs, specifically those in the same hemisphere. It was another example of the imperialistic ideals that the US was holding.
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Roosevelt's actions against the constricting monopolies were important to labor reformers, limiting and destroying the horrible conditions that trusts put on their workers.
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This act was the beginning of several consumer protection laws, as it required true labeling of products and also stopped the sale of any contaminated medicines or foods.
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Another consumer protection law, Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle' described horrible conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to a call for better regulations.
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This Supreme Court case ruled that a law limiting women's work hours was constitutional, a victory for Progressives but a loss for equal rights femenists.
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The National Association of the Advancement of Colored People played a pivotal role in future civil rights reforms, including the victory in Brown V. Board of Education and the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s
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The Ford Model T was put into production, signifying the progress of technology and industrialization as the assembly line was first implemented to increase production several times over.
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This amendment called for the direct election of state senators, a major victory for those fighting the political corruption from the Gilded Age.
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This event marked the beginning of what would become WW1, which would rocket America into an economic and military powerhouse in the future.
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German U-Boats sank a British boat which carried 128 Americans on board, the first of many naval attacks against the at-the-time neutral America. This led to the eventual declaration of war against German forces.
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This law prevented the employment of child labor, a victory for labor reformers and an example of how conditions were being improved.
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The foundation of the National Park Service was a major victory for conservationists, giving them an organization to protect the natural resources of America.
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Woodrow Wilson's 14 points outlined peaceful principles to end the war and would shape what would become American foreign policy in the early 20th century after the war.
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Reform, WW2, Great Depression
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The passage of the 18th amendment was meant to improve society by outlawing alcohol, but it was not very effective and led to a major increase in organized crime.
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This amendment was the biggest success of women's rights at the time, finally allowing them a basic right to vote that they had been denied since the beginning of the country.
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Woodrow Wilson's idea to maintain world peace after WW1. This gave the structure for what would eventually become the United Nations.
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Scopes was convicted for teaching Evolution where it was illegal, which was upheld, but it brought to light the discord between traditional and modern values of the time.
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Industrialization in the early 1900s led to a major increase in urbanization which incidentally caused much more job openings and a majorly higher rate of unemployment. All coupled together, the economy crashed and led to the Great Depression.
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FDRs Good Neighbor Policy sought to improve economic relations with Latin America, leaving domestic affairs to them unlike Big Stick Diplomacy and Dollar Diplomacy. America was able to double its exports to Lain America by 1940 through this policy.
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FDRs New Deal provided relief to the American population in the wake of the Great Depression. It was able to create several administrations to help such as Public Works and National Recovery.
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Social Security gave benefits to those unable to work or retired during the Great Depression. It was a major step toward leaving the depression.
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The atomic bombs that would be used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was evidence of the US's superior firepower and technological growth that would later end WW1 and stoke the flames of the cold war.
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FDRs speech outlines the freedom that America was fighting for, inspiring the people and the military to keep moving, as they would formally enter the war at the end of that year.
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The bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was meant to preemptively ensure that the US would never have the means to enter the war, but it was what ended up spurring their resolve to fight.
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this organization would play an important role in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s
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Both of these cases were focused on Japanese-American loyalty and contradicted each other, one upholding the constitutionality of internment camps and one saying that it was illegal to imprison someone if their loyalty was unable to be disproven. While Endo won her case, Korematsu's was the only case in history where the U.S. upheld racial discrimination by restricting civil freedoms.
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These bombings done by the U.S. ended the prolonged battles with Japan. The devastating firepower of the bombs ended the war and solidified the US's military power.
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The United Nations was created in the wake of WW2 as a way to prevent future world wars. It has operated since then as a peacekeeper between nations and a facilitator of cooperation.
