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Thousands of African Americans relocate to large cities.
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A cultural uprising in which the African American people strove to establish their place in society.
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With the adoption of the assembly line in factories, mass manufacturing became more efficient.
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A cultural divide between city people, small town residents, protestants, Catholics, blacks, and whites.
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Americans, known as expatriates, went overseas and lived in Paris as a colony. The expatriates lived in semi poverty and returned to America with a sense of awareness of their changing world. Some famous expatriates were Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Emerson.
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Gave women the right to vote
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Prohibited consumption, distribution, and manufacturing of alcohol
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For the upper and middle class income increased substantially during the 1920’s.
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During the 1920’s, it became common for houses to have indoor plumbing and central heating.
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During the 1920’s, around 40% of families in rural and urban areas had incomes reaching into the poverty range and struggled to live on less than $1,500 a year.
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African American art and intellect movement
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Movies and fun activities became a large part of American life to the point that over half of Americans went to theatres every week.
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Speakeasies illegally sold alcohol. They were run by bootleggers, hackleters, and mobs.
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2nd Literary Renaissance in history; impressionism, dadaism, expressionism, symbolism, and surrealism emerge, as well as modernism and “The Lost Generation” young writers emerge.
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The literature after WWI changed strongly influenced by Victorian poetry. There was a movement started to make poetry to make people feel emotions by the images they see when they read.
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Black poets, playwrights, and novelists emerge. Black literature becomes more prevalent.
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Books showed elaborate parties and moral corruption (The Great Gatsby 1925).
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Protestant preachers condemned modernists and taught that every word in the Bible must be taught. Fundamentalists blamed modernist liberal views as the reason for decline in morals.
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Jazz music and the dancing that came along with it became a lasting impression on American society.
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Modernists took a view at changing times and believed that they could fit in Darwin’s evolution theory without any conflict of their faith.
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In some cities it became fashionable to go against the law and drink alcohol, causing police to be paid to look the other way, as well as government officials to serve alcohol to guests. Bootlegging was also something prevalent during this time through gangs or private suppliers.
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These sets of laws limited the amount of immigration based on nationality. Mostly southern and eastern Europeans and Japanese immigrants were barred from immigrating.
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President Harding and Albert Bacon Fall leased Navy gasoline reserves to private companies for low prices without competition, found guilty of taking bribes becoming the 1st member of cabinet to go to prison.
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After the war ended over a million foreigners immigrated to America between 1919 and 1921. Many feared of job competition, isolationists wanted minimal interaction with Europeans, and were worried about revolutions.
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Coolidge was elected with a popular vote over La Follette and Davis
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Extremely restricting immigration law which excluded Eastern Europeans and Asians.
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“The New Negro” is the first literature to really define the cultural revolution and purpose for African American cultural revival.
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Hoover won by a landslide due to support of prohibition and countries’ prosperity as well as the favor of people of faith.
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After an economic boom throughout the 1920’s, the stock market crash caused the longest economic depression the country has ever had, causing more business failures and unemployment and affecting more people from all classes.
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Not only the stock market crash was responsible for the Great Depression. Uneven distribution of income, stock market speculation, excessive use of credit, overproduction of consumer goods, weak farm economy, government policies, and global economic problems all contributed to the Great Depression.
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By the late 1920’s, two-thirds of homes had electricity.
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Severe drought in the 1930’s mixed with poor farming practices caused the topsoil to become dust and put thousands of farmers out of work.
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Thousands of farmers from Oklahoma went in search of rarely found farms or factory work in California.
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FDR turned to a group of university professors for help with economic troubles.
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FDR’s administrative cabinet was the most diverse in US history, with African Americans, women, Catholics, and Jews.
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FDR pledged a New Deal to the American people serving the “three R’s.” Relief for the unemployed, Recovery for business and the economy, and Reform in American economic institutions.
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After being sworn in FDR held a hundred day long session in Congress, passing into law his every request. Some of the laws and agencies put into place were the NRA, WPA, CCC, and AAA.
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To provide the government time to reorganize the banks that had not failed during the depression, FDR established a bank holiday in which banks would be closed temporarily.
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Keeping to his campaign promise, FDR worked to repeal Prohibition, while also bringing in much needed tax money from the sale of alcohol.
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FDR held a series of “fireside chats” on the radio to the American people. The first of which reassuring the American people and explaining the closing of the banks on the bank holiday.
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The Emergency Banking Relief Act, The Federal Insurance Deposit Corporation, The Home Owners Loan Corporation, and The Farm Credit Administration were all programs part of the financial aspect to the New Deal.
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The Federal Emergency Relief Administration, The Public Works Administration, The Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Tennessee Valley Authority were all programs related to unemployment and public works, giving many a source of jobs.
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The NRA was created to try to help solve both immediate relief and long-term problems. Essentially taking over for the suspended antitrust laws, the NRA would be able to help with codes for wages, work hours, production levels, and pricing. This program was however deemed unconstitutional after 2 years of limited success.
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With the growing resentment of the public and clear growth of criminal activity due to Prohibition, the 21st amendment was passed, repealing prohibition.
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The Agricultural Adjustment Administration, similar in concept to the NRA, suggested that farmers should produce less and charge more, as well as pay government subsidies for every acre. Another thing the AAA had similar with the NRA is that it too was deemed unconstitutional.
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This was a program which hired laborers temporarily for construction jobs sponsored by the government.
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Building new houses and repairing old ones caused for a boost in construction and jobs as well as homeowners.
